Research Methods 1 Variables Flashcards
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Reliability
A piece of research is repeated with same method,same results
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Valid
Does it measure what it claims to be measuring?
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Internail validity
Validity inside study. To what extent is the researcher measuring whats intended or r there extraneous variables effecting
Research methods 1n2-external validity
Extent results can be generalised.either ecological, population or historical.
Research methods 1n2 Population validity
Participants used are typical of which the group in real life are drawn.eg similar group =low pop validity, should reflect general pop
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Ecological validity
Behaviour accurately reflects behaviour in normal circumstances. Usually isn’t true to life ,dosnt tell us about real life if done in a lab
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Historical validity
Research taken place at diff time accurately reflect behaviour at diff point in time.
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I.V
Different conditions in study.
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D.V
what u measure .affected by the I.V
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Extraneous variables
Factors impacting result other than what you intended
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Situational variables
Variables (excuses)from the environment.like in a test if temp is too hot /cold.
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Participant variables
Characteristics of individual participants (personal excuses).motivation,if they had coffee that morning for a test harder to control than situational.
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Confounding variables
Uncontrolled extraneous variables.may effect D.V therefore reducing internal validity of results.
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Confounding variables fail because effect the result…
Cus the researcher failed to identify ,control for an extraneous variable.
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Control group
Participants who arnt being tested but the independent variables.they are used for comparison, more scientific.
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Operationalism
Defining/specifying behaviours in experiment clearly. So can be measured.
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Operationalism
Defining/specifying behaviours in experiment clearly. So can be measured.
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Investigator effects r
Investigator effects occur when unintentional influence of researchers behaviour characteristics on Participant/data/outcome
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Investigator effects explained
If the do occur,the researcher isn’t typically aware of it so it’ll make results invalid cus researcher not measuring natural behaviour ,low internal val
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Investigator effects can be controlled through
Inter rater reliability ,double/single blind method n randomisation
If in interview could do standardised script
So each person has the same experiences with experimenter
Or all ppl could be influenced by same sex
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Quasi
Researcher studies IV which participants have as characteristics that’s naturally occurring. But manipulates the task the need to complete .aim is to see how manipulated task and Iv causes DV
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Quasi aim
To see if naturally occurring IV causes differences in performance on DV
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Situational variable
Say eg lighting or temp
Easier to control than participant
Controlled through standardised procedures
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Participant variables
Eg sex ,age ,intelligence ,motivation harder to control
Controlled partially through repeated measures
Matched pairs or random allocation of independent group design
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Demand ques
Can lead to social desirability bias
Effects where they behave in way they think researcher wants or spoil research as result=low internal val cus researcher measuring natural behaviour
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Demand ques how to control
Counter balancing if repeated measures
Using diff participants in each condition if matched pairs
Or independent groups also by withholding info bout aim /procedure in standardised instructions /consent forms
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Demand ques controlled
Using different participants in each condition matched pairs /independent groups or counterbalance groups if repeated measures n less info on aims /procedures in standardised instructions /consent
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Closed qs
Pros
Used for factual info eg did u have a happy childhood yes or no?
Pro ez to quantify ,check reliability of results ,able to collate data cus ppl given options for response ,ez to compare cus options
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Cons of closed qs
Limited cues only can select response provided by researcher
