Memory Cognitive Interviews Flashcards
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Schema is
A framework of beliefs n expectations influencing cognitive processing
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Cognitive interviews r
Method of interviewing that reduces inaccuracies caused by leading Qs n anxiety
But increase Retrieval cues
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews technique:
context reinstatement
Details of the environment and emotional state at time of the incident
Works cus provide possible Retrieval cues
Along as its not harmful witnesses maybe asked to return to the scene to retrieve mems
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Technique :
Report everything
All details even though they maybe seen as unimportant
Works cus we don’t realise how interlinked mems r cues r to eachother .so small details might help retrieve significant details
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Technique :
Recall in reverse order
Recall in diff chronological order
Works cus reduces overthinking
Works by prevent ppl reporting experience of expectations
Prevents schemas
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Technique:
Recall from a changed perspective
Mentally recreate scene from diff point of view
Perspective of others distrupts schemas
What is most likely to happen rather than what happens
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Interviewers have to
Avoid direct Qs
Reduces chance of qs being leading
And avoid interruptions
Cus may Increase anxiety of witness that reduces accuracy of EWT
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Difference between cognitive interviews and standard interviews
Cognitive = recall in context(environment feeling ) event occurred
More accurate in helping victim recall accurate info
Specialist training needed
Standard=
Free recall
Specific qs asked
Not affective in helping witness recall
No specialist training needed
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Supporting evidence
Using technique found
12 more items of correct info
Than standard interview
Another study found detectives of miami police department found cognitive interviews collected 63% more info than untrained officers
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Additional elaboration high ecological val
Cus study don’t by real officers
Interviewing real eyewitnesses
Strong evidence that CIs r more effective than SI
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Counter argue
Maybe lack effectiveness
Found SI produced many correct answers as CI n even found that CI may mislead answers
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Useful for interviewing older witnesses
Older lack confidence in giving testimony
Cus stereotypes say old ppl have declining mem .cause older to be cautious about reporting info
CI may avoid stress n report of all details regardless of perceived significance
Study where compare older mean 72 yrs and younger mean 22yrs memory of simulated crime using either CI or SI.
CI produced more info than SI.strength of SI was greater for older than younger.
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Time consuming
Police often used strategies to deliberately limit eyewitness report
So only say nessasary in officers view.
Serious crimes don’t often have time to carry out CIs
Not always practical even though it does produce vast amounts of info.
Memory
Improving EWT
Use of cognitive interviews
Not all police forces do same procedures
Usually only use 2
Hard to see if techniques work well together
Thames Valley police only use changed perspectives
While others use context reinstatement
And report everything
