Attatchment Cultural Variations Of Strange Situation Flashcards
Attatchment
Cultural variations
Meta analysis
Culture bound
Western cultures
Other cultures
Refers to process of combining results from several studs with same research qs /methods
May discuss finding n conclusions on particular topic to get overall view
Culture bound is findings that r only generalisable to where the research took place
Western cultures=individualistic (value independence ,value the individual)
Other cultures=collectivist (value the group)
Attatchment Cultural variations
Method
32 studies conducted in 8 countries on strange situation
1990 sample of children
Meta analysed
Attatchment Cultural variations
Findings
N.o studs
W Germany 3
GB 1
Netherlands 4
Sweden 1
Israel 2
Japan 2
China 1
US 18
Attatchment Cultural variations
Findings secure %s
W Germany 57%
GB 75%
Netherlands 67%
Sweden 74%
Israel 64%
Japan 68%
China 50%
US 65%
Attatchment Cultural variations
Findings avoidant
WGermany 35%
GB22%
Netherlands26%
Sweden22%
Israel7%
Japan5%
China25%
US 21%
Attatchment Cultural variations
Findings resistant
W Germany 8%
GB 3%
Netherlands 7%
Sweden 4%
Israel 29%
Japan 27%
China 25%
US14%
Attatchment Cultural variations
Summary of findings
In all countries, secure was most common type
Highest secure =GB China lowest
Resistant Israel highest GB lowest
Avoidant Germany highest Japan lowest
Variation within cultures 1.5 x greater that variation between cultures
Attatchment Cultural variations
Conclusions to findings
Cross cultural similarities
Suggest many aspects of attatchmnet innate
Differences suggest some aspects influenced by cultur specific child rearing practises
Attatchment
Second study
Cultural variations
Criticisms Takahashi
Replicated strange situation in Japan n China
Found greater insecure resistant attatchment type compared to wester cultures
Tests for atatchment didn’t have same meaning for japansese babies as it did for original american ppts
Japanese mums practically never leave infants alone found procedure severely distressing
May lead to incorrect categorising of resistant when they r secure
Atatchment
Cultural variations
Large sample size
1990 babies increase internal val cus reduces impact of biased methodology or unusual ppts over Meta analysis
Atattchment cultural variations
Large sample size counter argue
May not be representative in an given country
As samples for each country so small couldn’t take account of subcultures eg social class ethnicity,culture,urban or rural who may have diff child rearing practises
Also 18 studs in America but in China only one
Atatchment cultural variations
Indigeounous researchers
Eg included research from German team n takahashi who is Japanese so many potential probs in cross cultural research can be avoided eg misunderstandings of language used by ppts ,having difficulty communicating instructions to them or bias cus nations stereotypes
Atatchment cultural variations
Imposed etic
(Trying to use on social contruct on another culture)
Designed for one context not applicable to others
Includes ideas of emic(cultural uniquness) n etic (cultural universality) ideas
Occurs when impose idea that works in one culture context to another
Eg Britain n USA pack of affection on reunion n strange situation may indicate avoidant but in Germany this behaviour likely interpreted as independence rather than insecurity .
So comparing them to diff cultures is meaningless
