Renal pathology First Aid Flashcards
Distal Type 1 renal tubular acidosis
Defect in the alpha intercalated cells to secrete H+
No new HCO3- is formed so leads to acidosis.
Associated with hypokalemia
AMPHOTERICIN B TOXICITY
Type II Renal tubular acidosis
Defect in PCT HCO3- reabsorption leads to mtabolic acidosis.
Associated with hypokalemia
Think of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetezolamide)
Type IV renal tubular acidosis
Hypoaldosteronism leading to hyperkalemia and decreased NH4 excretion.
Seen with diabetic hyporeninism, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, Heparin, cyclosporine, adrenal insufficiency or aldosterone resistance TMP/SMX
RBC casts in urin
Glomerulonephritis, malignant hypertension
WBC casts in urine
Tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection.
Fatty Casts in urine
Nephrotic syndrome!!
Granular/ muddy brown casts in urine
Acute tubular necrosis!!!!
What is nephritic syndrome?
Decay of the glomerular basement membrane leadin to blood leaking out. Not much protein leaked out.
what is nephrotic syndrome?
Podocyte disruption leading to loss of the negatively charged barrier.
Results in massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
What is nephritic-nephrotic syndrome?
Severe nephritic syndrome with profound glomerular basement membrane damage leading to protein increase and blood increase.
Nephritic disorder in which there are cresencts of fibrin and plasma proteins with glomerular pariertal cells present
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
Very related to goodpasture syndrome (type II hypersensitivity)
A type of nephritic syndrome due to SLE showing wire looping of capillaries.
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Mesangial proliferation seen with IgA based IC deposits in the mesangium.
Which nephritic syndrome does this present with?
IgA nephropathy.
Also known as Berger Disease/ Henoch schonlein purpura
Mutation in type IV collagen thining the glomerular basement membrane resulting in nephritic syndrome.
Alport syndrome
Tram track nephritic syndrome?
Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Type II may be related to hepatitis B or C infections.
Type II associated with C3 nephritic factor.
