Musculoskeletal, skin, connective tissue pathology Flashcards
What is achondroplasia?
This is the failure of longitudinal bone growth through endochondral ossification leading to short limbs.
Typically due to ACTIVIATION OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR FGFR3 inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation.
autosomal dominant and most common cause of dwarfism.
What DEXA scan will show primary osteoperosis
Loss of the spongey trabecular bone is shown with a DEXA T score of < -2.5
Long term steroid use, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants and thyroid replacement therapy can cause this. `
What is denosumab?
A monoclonal body directed againt Rank-L to help with osteoperosis.
What is an X-ray conveying when they tell you there is a “Bone in Bone appearance”
Osteopetrosis where there is ineffective osteoclast performance.
What causes rickets?
Vitamin D deficiency due to defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid.
Less vitamin D means less serum calcium
What are the two forms of benighn bone tumors for the exam?
Giant cell tumor - soap bubble lesions
Osteochondroma with a cartilaginous exostosis. (Most common benign tumor).
Where does osteosarcoma typically localize and what trait will it exhibit?
Localizes areound the metaphisis of long bones espexially around the knee and exibits codmans triangle.
Where does ewing sarcoma show up and what does it display?
Common in the diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, and ribs.
Anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumors with onion skinning.
What translocation is ewings sarcoma most commonly related to?
11:22 translocation.
What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
Osteo is due to over use found typically in weight bearing joints. Subchondral cysts with sclerosis and synovitis seen here.
Rheumo is a type III and IV hypersensitivity reacton. Pannus and rheumatoid nodules with ulnar deviation and swan neck deformities found here.
What occurs in Sjorgen syndrome?
Autoimmune disorder causing the destruction of exocrine glands.
Results in antinuclear antibodies SS-A and or SS-B.
Look for swollen bilateral parotid glands.
What color will gout crystals appear under paralell light?
Will be yeLLow under ParaLLel light.
Pseudo gout will be Blue under parallel light.
Cant See
Cant Pee
Cant even climb a tree
classic triad of Reiters syndrome. Conjunctivitis Urethritis Arthritis Post chlamydia infections.
Bamboo spine
ankylosing spondylitis resulting in chronic inflammatory dsease of the spine and sacroiliac joints.
Pencil in cup appearance.
Psoriatic arthritis.
