Potassium shifts and electrolyte disturbances Flashcards
Digitalis
Blocks sodium/potassium ATPase
Shifts potassium out of the cell causing hyperkalemia.
What effect does hyperosmolarity have on serum potassium levels?
Shifts K+ out of the cell causing hyperkalemia
What effect does cell lysis have on serum potassium levels?
Cause potassium to shift out of cells.
Look for this in crush injuries!
What effect does acidosis have on serum potassium levels?
Increase potassium shifts out of the cells.
What effect do beta blockers have on serum potassium levels?
Cause potassium to shift out of the cell.
Describe the effect of beta adrenergic agonists
increase K+ reabsorption via aldosterone release!
What occurs with K+ deficiency?
U waves on ECG
Flattened T waves
Arrhythmias
Muscle spasms
What symptoms are seen with calcium deficiency?
Tetany
Seizures
QT prolongation
Think: Stones, Bones, Groans (abd,), thrones (urinary freq), and psychiatric overtones.
What symptoms are seen with hypomagnesia?
Tetany
Torsades des pointes
Hypokalemia
What symptoms are seen with hypophosphatermia?
Bone loss (increased Vit D and PTH)
Osteomalacia - Adults
Rickets - Children
What CO2 levels correspond to respiratory acidosis?
If the PCO2 is greater than 40 mmHg AND THE PH IS < 7.35 then one should be suspicious of respiratory acidosis.
The pH is <7.35 and PCO2 is less than 40
Thus the acidity is metabolic with compensaton via hyper ventilation
What is the anion gap equation?
Na+ - (Cl + HCO3) = Anion gap
What increases the anion gap?
MUDPILES Methanol Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosis Propylene glycol Iron tablets or Isoniazid Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates
