Pathology - Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Blue sclera, hearing loss, multiple fractures

Answer 1

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Defect in bone resorption –> Weak bone and type 1 collagen defect.

Question 2

Osteopetrosis

Answer 2

Abnormally thick and heavy bone due to defective osteoclasts.

Question 3

Rickets

Answer 3

Vitamin D deficiency in children

Question 4

Osteomalacea

Answer 4

Vitamin D deficiency in adults

Question 5

Osteoporosis

Answer 5

Reduction in TRABECULAR BONE MASS!

Check with DEXA scan

Question 6

Pagets disease

Answer 6

Osteoblast/Osteoclast imbalance.

Localized process/.

Question 7

Osteomyelitis

Answer 7

Infection of the bone marrow

Lytic focus with sclerotic rings on X-rays.

Question 8

Osteotoma

Answer 8

Benign tumor of bones

Most commonly in the facial bone.

Question 9

Osteoid osteoma

Answer 9

Benign tumor of osteoblasts surrounded by a rim of reactive bone.

Most common in the cortex of long bones in young adults. Pain settles with aspirin.

will have osteoid radiolucent core.

Question 10

Bone tumor with pain that wont resolve with aspirin.

Answer 10

Osteoblastoma.

Question 11

Tumor of bone with an overlying cartilage cap.

Answer 11

Osteochondroma.

Question 12

Tumor comprised of multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells found in the epiphysis

Answer 12

Giant cell tumor

Question 13

Soap bubble bone lesion

Answer 13

Giant cell tumor

Question 14

Poorly differentiated cells derived from neuroectoderm.

Seen in the diaphysis of male children.

Answer 14

Eqing sarcoma.

Question 15

Onion skin appearance on X-ray of bone tumor.

Answer 15

Ewings sarcoma.

Question 16

Tumor of cartilage seen in the medulla of small bones in the hands and feet.

Answer 16

Chondroma.

Question 17

Malignant cartilage forming tumor

Answer 17

Chondrosarcoma.

Question 18

Osteolytic punched out lesions!

Answer 18

Metastic tumors to the bone!

“People Like To Break Bones”

Prostate Lung Thyroid and Breast

Question 19

Herberden nodes vs Bouchard nodes

Answer 19

DIPJ - Herberden

PIPJ - Bouchard

These are seen in osteoarthritis.

Question 20

IgM auto antibody agaisnt the Fc portion of IgG in the presence of pannus

Answer 20

Rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 21

HLA b27 involvement with no rheumatoid factor

Answer 21

Ankylosing sponyloarhtritis.

Question 22

Lower back pain with bamboo spine and possible aortig regurg

Answer 22

Ankylosing spondylarthritis.

Question 23

Inflammation of the skin and skeletal muscle showing rashes on upper eyelids and papules on joints.

Answer 23

Dermatomyositis.

Look for high CK and positive ANA/ anti-Jo 1 -Ab

Question 24

Inflammatory disorder of the skeletal muscle NOT INVOLVING A SKIN RASH

Answer 24

Polymyositis

Looks alot like dermatomyositis but with no skin involvement.

Question 25

Auto-Ab against the postsynapitc ACh receptor at the NMJ

Answer 25

Myasthenia gravis. Muscle weakness gets worse with rest.

Question 26

Antibodies against the presynaptic calcium channels at the NMJ.

Answer 26

Lambert Eaton Weakness will get better with use.

Question 27

Rhabdomyoma

Answer 27

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle cardiac rhabdomyoma is associated with tuberous sclerosis.