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Disease and Therapeutics > Pyschopathology > Flashcards

Pyschopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What reference book is used to diagnose mental disorders?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM V)

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2
Q

What are the 5 Axis of DMS-V?

A
  • Axis 1: Psychological
  • Axis 2: Personality disorders and mental retardation
  • Axis 3: Medical conditions (incident related)
  • Axis 4: Psychosocial and environmental disease
  • Axis 5: Global assessment
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3
Q

Depression, anxiety, bipolar, ADHD, autism, Anorexia, and schizophrenia Are all examples of which axis?

A

Axis 1

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4
Q

Paranoid presonality disorder, narcisism, OCD and intellectual disabilities are which axis?

A

Axis 2

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5
Q

Brian injuries and medical disorders like alzheimers are which axis?

A

Axis 3

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6
Q

What are 5 components of the Mental status examination?

A 
1-Mood (extremes)
2-Affect
3-Thought
4-Appearance
5-Cognitive function
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7
Q

What test measures surface activity of the brain by placing electrodes all over the head?

A

EEG (electroencephalogram)

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8
Q

What are 3 brain imaging techniques?

A

1-CT (Computed tomograph)
2-MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)
3-PET (Positron emission tomography)

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9
Q

Which psychotic disorder is the most common and is Dopamine based?

A

Schizophrenia

*1% of pop. Usually in Poor urban pop.

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10
Q

Having a hard time enjoying yourself and feeling like the world is against you is called?

A

Anhadonic

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11
Q

Combining words is called?

A

Neologism

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12
Q

What are the 4 requirements to diagnose Schizophrenia according to DSM-V?

A

1-Symptoms for more than 6 months
2-Associated with deteriorating functions
3-Active pyschosis
4-Organic, no drug habit involved

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13
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of Schizophrenia?

A

1-Disorganized (blunt affect, incoherent, Bizarre motor patterns)
2-Catatonic (Rigid posture, gumby like)
3-Paranoid (positive symptoms, persucatory delusions)
4-Residual type (Negative symptoms, non-responsive)

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14
Q

Which type of Schizophrenia responds best to antipsychotics though it may be the scariest to be around?

A

Paranoid

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15
Q

What 4 things contribute to a poor prognosis for schizophrenia?

A

1) Chronic onset
2) Negative symptoms
3) Chronic/early onset need care with time
4) Life expectancy shortens (10-20 years shorter, many attempt suicide)

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16
Q

What 4 things are give the best prognosis for schizophrenia?

A
  1. Reactive/fast onset (manage stresses, quality of life improves)
  2. Positive symptoms (delusions, violence etc.)
  3. Onset late in life (over 30 yr old)
  4. No family history
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17
Q

What are 5 physical findings in those with Schizophrenia?

A 
1-Enlarged ventricle pattern (atrophy)
2-Decrease in the corpus colusum (connecting hemispheres)
3-Frontal lobe perfusion
4-Altered startle reflex
5- Don’t Yawn
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18
Q

Which 3 neurotransmitters are most involved with schizophrenia?

A

1-Dopamine (D2 blockers to treat)
2-Serotonin/glutamate (H2 receptors)
3-Nicotine (agonists help with symptoms)

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19
Q

The general population has 1% Schizo, what are the percetanges for mono zygote towns, siblings, and children of Schizo?

A

1-Monozygote twins: 40-50%
2-Sibling/dizygote twin: 10%
3-1 parent: 10-15%
4-Both parents: 30-40%

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20
Q

“Atypical” antipsychotics block which receptors?

A

5HT2 (serotonin)

21
Q

What are the 3 main side effects of D2/5HT2 receptor blockers?

A

1-Extrapyramidal side effects such as Tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson’s like tremors
2-Psychological (sleepiness)
3-Weight Gain

22
Q

Which type of schizo drugs are the oldest, least expensive, have less extrapyramidal side effects and are more sedative and weight gaining?

A

Phenothiazines

*also have antiemetic (nausea) action

23
Q

Chlorpromazine and Thioridizine are examples of what?

A

Phenothiazines

24
Q

Which type of schizo drug has high extrapyramidal side effects, is widely used and lacks anticholinergic action?

A

Butyrophenones

*Haloperidol is an example

25
Q

Which group of drugs have little extrapyramidal side effects and are most effective against the negative symptoms in some forms of schizophrenia?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

26
Q

Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, users need to have blood tested to check for what?

A

Can cause Agranulocytosis in 1-2%

27
Q

Clozapine, Quetiapine (Seroquel) and olanzepine (Zyprexa) are examples of what?

A

Atypical Antipsychotics

*Quetiapine and olanzepine are newer, fewer side effects but expensive

28
Q

What are two other schizophrenic types that may not be permanent?

A

1-Acute psychotic disorder

2-Schizoaffective (severe depression, Lincolns wife)

29
Q

Though we all experience normal sadness, grief and bereavement what percentage of the population suffer from mood disorders?

A

5%

30
Q

What are two minor affective disorders?

A

1-Depression/dysthymia (6% pop, general unhappiness, female gender bias)
2-Cyclothymia (minor bipolar)

31
Q

What are two major subtypes of major depressive disorders?

A

1-Post Partum (1-3 weeks after second child)

2-SADS (Seasonal Affective Disorder)

32
Q

What is the main inconvenience with antidepressant treatments?

A
  • Delayed onset (4-6 weeks)

- about 70% effective

33
Q

Which antidepressants are the 1st modern drugs and block metablosm of monoamines like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine?

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

34
Q

What are 5 side effects of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors?

A 
1-Alter ANS activity
2-Orthostatic hypotension
3-Weight gain
4-Some act as stimulants
5-May interact with certain foods or OTC cold decongestants
35
Q

Phenelzine and Selegiline are examples of what?

A

MAO inhibitors

36
Q

Which group of antidepressants have a long half life and block the uptake of NE and varying affinity for 5HT transporter?

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

37
Q

What are 4 side effects of Tricyclic Antidepressants?

A

1-Dry mouth (anticholinergic effect)
2-H1 blockade, (hypnotic and antihistamine for itching)
3-Orthostatic hypotension
4-Withdrawal if discontinued abruptly

38
Q

Amytriptyline, Desipramine and Doxepin are examples of what type of drug?

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant

39
Q

Which group of drugs are better tolerated, have mixture of selectivity, minimal withdrawls and are the most popular antidepressants?

A

Monoamine uptake blockers

40
Q

Which group of drugs are popular, well tolerated, have a relatively wide margin of safety and no anticholinergic activity?

A

5HT (SSRIs)

41
Q

What are 4 side effects of SSRIs?

A

1-GI upset
2-Sexual dysfunction
3-Depression in adolescents
4-Headaches

42
Q

Fluoxetine (prozac) and Sertraline (zoloft) are examples of what type of drugs?

A

5HT (SSRIs)

43
Q

Which type of antidepressant is reasonably well tolerated, has more cardiovascular side effects and moderately a CNS stimulant?

A

NE or mixed transport blockers

44
Q

Venlafaxine (effexor) and Duloxetine (cymbalta) are examples of what?

A

NE or mixed transport blockers

45
Q

Manic/depressive swings are characteristic of what disorder?

A

Bipolar disorder

46
Q

What are two types of Bipolar disorders?

A

1-Cyclothymia (minor form)

2-Major Manic depressive (big swings)

47
Q

Which two types of drugs are used for bipolar disorder?

A

1-Lithium carbonate (first effective drug)

2-Antiepileptic agents

48
Q

Often combined with antidepressants, slow onset, likely working by 2nd messenger systems and having varied side effects are characteristic of which group of bipolar drugs?

A

Lithium carbonate

*narrow therapeutic window, potential kidney damage, weight gain

49
Q

Valproic acid and carbamazepine are examples of epileptic drugs with fewer side effects that are used for what?

A

Bipolar disorder

*usually used for maintenance after lithium start

Disease and Therapeutics (39 decks)

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