Eye/Ear + Pharm Flashcards
A tumor of the optic nerve in young children is called?
Optic nerve glioma
A tumor of the eye in young children is called?
Retinoblastoma
A tumor of the optic nerve in an adult is called?
Meningioma
A tumor of the eye in an adult is called?
Melanoma
*Basal cell carcinoma also possible on Conjuctiva
A pimple like skin infection on or around the eye is called?
Sty
What two types of cancers destroy lashes on the eye lids?
1-Basal Cell Carcinoma
2-Squamous cell carcinoma
High intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye is called?
Glaucoma
*can damage optic nerve and cause blindness
Which type of glaucoma is often painful, fast developing and occurs when the iris and cornea fuse?
Closed-Angle
*requires immediate attention
Which type of glaucoma is the most common, slow developing, is a reduction of drainage and results from a wide space between the iris and cornea?
Open-Angle glaucoma
What are 4 risk factors for open-angle glaucoma?
1-Age
2-African American
3-Diabetes
4-Hypertension
What measures intraocular pressure?
Tonometry
What are 4 drugs used to treat glaucoma?
1-Pilocarpine
2-Timolol
3-Lantanoprost
4-Anticholinergic/Stimulants
Which glaucoma drug is a cholinomimetic and contracts the ciliary muscle to increase outflow?
Pilocarpine
Which glaucoma drug is a beta blocker and decreases aqueous humor?
Timolol
Which glaucoma drug is s prostaglandin and increases outflow of aqueous humor
Lentanoprost
Whit glaucoma drug worsens glaucoma?
Anticholinergic and amphetamintes
What is the 2nd most common cause of blindness behind cataracts?
Glaucoma
UV exposure, diabetes and steroid use can lead to opaque lenses called what?
Cataracts
Cotton wool spots from ischemia or micro aneurisms on the retina are called?
Background Diabetic Retinopathy
*Hypertensive retinopathy can look like this too
Loss of central vision which spreads laterally is characteristic of what?
Age-related Macular degeneration
*minimal pharm options, antioxidants may help like Vit C or zinc oxide
What are the two types of Age related macular degeneration?
1-Wet (quick progressing hemorrhage and fluid behind retina)
2-Dry (cellular debris build up, majority are this)
What are 3 main things associated with Macular degeneration?
1-Gene polymorphism
2-Smoking
3-Cardiovascular disease
What is the most common optic tumor in children?
Retinoblastoma
Vertigo, hearing loss, nausea, headaches, hearing loss, swimming feeling, and tinnitus are symptoms of what disease that is caused by excess endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear?
Meniere Disease
What are 4 risks for Meniere disease?
1-Abnormal immune response
2-Allergies
3-Head trauma
4-Migraines
What are 5 drugs used to meniere disease?
1-Meclizine 2-Diazepam 3-Promethazine 4-Long acting steroids 5-Hydrochlorothiazide
*also some antibiotics such as gentamicin
Which drug used for meniere disease is an H1 blocker anticholinergic that depresses the CNS to reduce vertigo?
Meclizine (Antivert)
*weak local anesthetic
Which drug used for meniere disease is an H1 blocker, anticholinergic used for anti nausea?
Promethazine
*previous black box warning for tissue necrosis
Which drug used for meniere disease is a diuretic that regulates fluid volume and pressure in the inner ear?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Dexamethasone is slightly less effective than gentamicin at managing vertigo but is less likely to cause what?
Further hearing loss
Pain, ear discharge, headache, hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and immobile bulging eardrum are symptoms of what?
Otitis Media
*may be mistaken for dental pain
______ is the first line treatment for otitis media with _____ added for 2nd line
Amoxicillin
Clavulanic acid (augmentin)
What are 4 surgical interventions for otitis media?
1-Tympanocentesis (aspiration)
2-Myringotomy (incision)
3-Myringotomy with tube insertion
4-Adenoidectomy
