Multiple Drug groups Flashcards
What are the three main classes of anti-inflammatory drugs?
1-NSAIDs
2-Glucocorticoids
3-DMARDs (Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
What are 8 conditions that can result from Chronic inflammation?
1-Cancers 2-Pulmonary diseases 3-Cardiovascular diseases 4-Diabetes 5-Alzheimer’s disease 6-Oral diseases (periodontal tissues) 7-Neurological disease 8-Arthritis
Which COX enzyme is constitutive for platelets, kidney, GI and Lungs and is inhibited by classic NSAIDs?
COX-1
*risk for GI ulcers, decreased Platelet agg, Na retention and hyperkalemia when inhibited
Which COX enzyme is constitutive in the kidney and do not affect platelet aggregation or GI tract when inhibited?
COX-2
Which NSAID is the only to inhibit both COXs in an irreversible manner?
Aspirin
*Reye syndrome in children
Which NSAID can interfere with anti-platelet effect of low dose aspirin if taken together?
Ibuprofen
Which NSAID is all day strong?
Naproxen
What are 7 adverse effects common to all NSAIDs?
1-CNS-tinnitis 2-CVS-hypertension 3-GI-nausea, ulcers or bleeding 4-Hepatic-altered liver functions 5-Pulmonary-asthma 6-Skin-rashes 7-Renal- insufficiency, in extreme can have failure
Which NSAID is a selective COX 2 inhibitor?
Celecoxib
*similar affects to aspirin except platelet action
What type of drugs are rapid acting and have a dramatic effect on inflammation as well as slowing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis?
Glucocorticoids
What are 6 side effects of Glucocorticoids?
1-loss of muscle mass 2-osteoporosis 3-diabetogenesis 4-peptic ulcers 5-round face 6-buffalo hump
______ is a long acting Glucocorticoid whereas _____ and _______ are medium/short acting
Dexamethasone
Cortisone, Prednisone
Which drugs decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis but may be more toxic?
DMARDs
*Severe hepatotoxicity, Stomatitis and immunosuppression
What condition develops when cells and natural oils block hair follicles in the skin?
Acne Vulgaris
*most commonly P acnes
What are 5 drug groups used to treat acne?
1-Topical Keratolytics 2-Antibiotics 3-Retinoids 4-Anti-androgens 5-Combination Oral Contraceptives
Which macrolide antibiotic is used to treat acne but may have antibiotic resistance?
Erythromycin
Which anti ribosomal antibiotic is useful against gram positive and anaerobic bacteria?
Clindamycin
*GI upset and diarrhea
Which nirtoimadizole antibiotic is for aerobic bacterial and parasitic infection such as demuxed braves (mites)?
Metronidizole
Which sulfone antibiotic has unclear mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects?
Dapsone
*5% gel
Which antibiotics are anti-ribosomal and chelated by dairy products?
Tetracycline
*Cat D pregnancy risk, Staining
Which antibiotic is lipophilic and may accumulate in sebaceous glands as well as cause inner eat disturbances?
Minocycline
Which antibiotic is associated with GI upset, is harder to chelate?
Doxycycline
What are two retinoid options used for acne?
1-Tretinoin (topical)
2-Isoretinoin (Accutane)
Which acne medication is the only true cure but is a category X pregnancy risk?
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
What are two non-pharmacological approaches to treating acne?
1-Diet Therapy (avoid fatty junk foods)
2-UV phototherapy
What are 4 uses for skeletal muscle relaxants?
1-Surgical Relaxation
2-Endotracheal intubation
3-Control of Ventilation
4-Anticonvulsant
What are the two therapeutic groups of muscle relaxants?
1-Neuromuscular Blockers
2-Spasmolytics
______ is a nondepolarizer muscle relaxant whereas ______ functions through a depolarizing blockade that desensitizes the nicotinic receptor
d-turbocurarine (blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptor)
Succinylcholine (fast acting, get initial twitch before paralysis)
Unlike other muscle relaxants, what happens when Succinylcholine is administered with AChE inhibitors?
Effects are sustained rather than reversed
What are 4 spasmolytic drugs that act by reducing the muscle stretch reflex?
1-Diazepam
2-Baclofen
3-Dantrolene
4-Carisoprodol
*all can be toxic, primarily in liver
Which Spasmolytic drug increases GABA A opening, and is used for spasms and acute muscle injury?
Diazepam
Which spasmolytic drug is a GABA B agonist, and is used for severe spasticity due to CP, MS and stroke?
Baclofen
Which spasmolytic drug is an Alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist in the spinal cord and is used for spasms related to ALS?
Tizanidine
Which spasmolytic blocks Ryanidine receptor Ca release from SR in the periphery and is used for malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
Which three antiviral drugs work by inhibiting viral thymidine kinase?
1-Acyclovir (10x more potent against HSV1 than 2)
2-Valacyclovir (converted to acyclovir, higher serum levels)
3-Famciclovir (converted to penciclovir, higher intracellular concentrations)
Which antiviral drug inhibits viral DNA polymerase enzymes and is used against resistant HSV and CMV strains?
Foscarnet
What are 3 topical antivirals for Herpes virus?
1-Denavir (penicyclovir 1%, cold sores)
2-Zovirax ointment (acyclovir 5%, recurrent genital herpes)
3-Zovirax cream (acyclovir 5%, cold sores)
Though patients may prefer cream what kind of topical preparation is stronger at the same concentration?
Ointment
