Multiple Drug groups

Question 1

What are the three main classes of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer 1

1-NSAIDs
2-Glucocorticoids
3-DMARDs (Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)

Question 2

What are 8 conditions that can result from Chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

1-Cancers
2-Pulmonary diseases	
3-Cardiovascular diseases
4-Diabetes
5-Alzheimer’s disease
6-Oral diseases (periodontal tissues)
7-Neurological disease
8-Arthritis

Question 3

Which COX enzyme is constitutive for platelets, kidney, GI and Lungs and is inhibited by classic NSAIDs?

Answer 3

COX-1

*risk for GI ulcers, decreased Platelet agg, Na retention and hyperkalemia when inhibited

Question 4

Which COX enzyme is constitutive in the kidney and do not affect platelet aggregation or GI tract when inhibited?

Answer 4

COX-2

Question 5

Which NSAID is the only to inhibit both COXs in an irreversible manner?

Answer 5

Aspirin

*Reye syndrome in children

Question 6

Which NSAID can interfere with anti-platelet effect of low dose aspirin if taken together?

Answer 6

Ibuprofen

Question 7

Which NSAID is all day strong?

Answer 7

Naproxen

Question 8

What are 7 adverse effects common to all NSAIDs?

Answer 8

1-CNS-tinnitis
2-CVS-hypertension
3-GI-nausea, ulcers or bleeding
4-Hepatic-altered liver functions
5-Pulmonary-asthma
6-Skin-rashes
7-Renal- insufficiency, in extreme can have failure

Question 9

Which NSAID is a selective COX 2 inhibitor?

Answer 9

Celecoxib

*similar affects to aspirin except platelet action

Question 10

What type of drugs are rapid acting and have a dramatic effect on inflammation as well as slowing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids

Question 11

What are 6 side effects of Glucocorticoids?

Answer 11

1-loss of muscle mass
2-osteoporosis
3-diabetogenesis
4-peptic ulcers
5-round face
6-buffalo hump

Question 12

______ is a long acting Glucocorticoid whereas _____ and _______ are medium/short acting

Answer 12

Dexamethasone

Cortisone, Prednisone

Question 13

Which drugs decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis but may be more toxic?

Answer 13

DMARDs

*Severe hepatotoxicity, Stomatitis and immunosuppression

Question 14

What condition develops when cells and natural oils block hair follicles in the skin?

Answer 14

Acne Vulgaris

*most commonly P acnes

Question 15

What are 5 drug groups used to treat acne?

Answer 15

1-Topical Keratolytics
2-Antibiotics
3-Retinoids
4-Anti-androgens
5-Combination Oral Contraceptives

Question 16

Which macrolide antibiotic is used to treat acne but may have antibiotic resistance?

Answer 16

Erythromycin

Question 17

Which anti ribosomal antibiotic is useful against gram positive and anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 17

Clindamycin

*GI upset and diarrhea

Question 18

Which nirtoimadizole antibiotic is for aerobic bacterial and parasitic infection such as demuxed braves (mites)?

Answer 18

Metronidizole

Question 19

Which sulfone antibiotic has unclear mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects?

Answer 19

Dapsone

*5% gel

Question 20

Which antibiotics are anti-ribosomal and chelated by dairy products?

Answer 20

Tetracycline

*Cat D pregnancy risk, Staining

Question 21

Which antibiotic is lipophilic and may accumulate in sebaceous glands as well as cause inner eat disturbances?

Answer 21

Minocycline

Question 22

Which antibiotic is associated with GI upset, is harder to chelate?

Answer 22

Doxycycline

Question 23

What are two retinoid options used for acne?

Answer 23

1-Tretinoin (topical)

2-Isoretinoin (Accutane)

Question 24

Which acne medication is the only true cure but is a category X pregnancy risk?

Answer 24

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

Question 25

What are two non-pharmacological approaches to treating acne?

Answer 25

1-Diet Therapy (avoid fatty junk foods)

2-UV phototherapy

Question 26

What are 4 uses for skeletal muscle relaxants?

Answer 26

1-Surgical Relaxation
2-Endotracheal intubation
3-Control of Ventilation
4-Anticonvulsant

Question 27

What are the two therapeutic groups of muscle relaxants?

Answer 27

1-Neuromuscular Blockers

2-Spasmolytics

Question 28

______ is a nondepolarizer muscle relaxant whereas ______ functions through a depolarizing blockade that desensitizes the nicotinic receptor

Answer 28

d-turbocurarine (blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptor)

Succinylcholine (fast acting, get initial twitch before paralysis)

Question 29

Unlike other muscle relaxants, what happens when Succinylcholine is administered with AChE inhibitors?

Answer 29

Effects are sustained rather than reversed

Question 30

What are 4 spasmolytic drugs that act by reducing the muscle stretch reflex?

Answer 30

1-Diazepam
2-Baclofen
3-Dantrolene
4-Carisoprodol

*all can be toxic, primarily in liver

Question 31

Which Spasmolytic drug increases GABA A opening, and is used for spasms and acute muscle injury?

Answer 31

Diazepam

Question 32

Which spasmolytic drug is a GABA B agonist, and is used for severe spasticity due to CP, MS and stroke?

Answer 32

Baclofen

Question 33

Which spasmolytic drug is an Alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist in the spinal cord and is used for spasms related to ALS?

Answer 33

Tizanidine

Question 34

Which spasmolytic blocks Ryanidine receptor Ca release from SR in the periphery and is used for malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 34

Dantrolene

Question 35

Which three antiviral drugs work by inhibiting viral thymidine kinase?

Answer 35

1-Acyclovir (10x more potent against HSV1 than 2)
2-Valacyclovir (converted to acyclovir, higher serum levels)
3-Famciclovir (converted to penciclovir, higher intracellular concentrations)

Question 36

Which antiviral drug inhibits viral DNA polymerase enzymes and is used against resistant HSV and CMV strains?

Answer 36

Foscarnet

Question 37

What are 3 topical antivirals for Herpes virus?

Answer 37

1-Denavir (penicyclovir 1%, cold sores)
2-Zovirax ointment (acyclovir 5%, recurrent genital herpes)
3-Zovirax cream (acyclovir 5%, cold sores)

Question 38

Though patients may prefer cream what kind of topical preparation is stronger at the same concentration?

Answer 38

Ointment