Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease and Therapeutics > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are three types of neurotransmitters?

A

1-Inhibitory (GABA)
2-Excitatory (Glutamate)
3-Both (Acetylcholine or Serotonin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two was neurotransmitters interact?

A

1-Direct Action (binds and opens-rapid response)

2-Indirect Action (second messengers, G proteins-Longer lasting/slow onset)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of membrane channels?

A

1-Voltage gated (opens in response to voltage)

2-Ligan-gated/ionotropic (binding of ligand opens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of channels are not directly linked to ion channels, initiate biochemical processes and modify responsiveness of the neuron?

A

Metabotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of metabotropic receptors?

A

1) Membrane-delimited

2) Diffusible second messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A receptor on an axon terminal that is affected by a neurotransmitter produced by the same cell is called?

A

Autoreceptor

*D2 receptor with dopamine is an example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A receptor on an axon terminal that is affected by a neurotransmitter from another neuronal cell type is called?

A

Heteroreceptor

*Like Dopamine acting on a serotonin neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 main catecholamines?

A

1-Dopamine
2-Norepinephrine
3-Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What amino acid is the precursor for dopamine?

A

Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which enzyme converts tyrosine to dopa?

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dopa is converted by what to make Dopamine?

A

Aromatic Amino Acid decarboxylase (AADC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which transporter takes up dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine into vesicles?

A

Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which auto receptor binds dopamine?

A

D2

*decreases dopamine release and tyrosine hydroxylase activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which enzyme metabolizes Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine/epinephrine?

A

Monoamine oxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which enzyme converts DA to Norepinephrine?

A

Dopamine Beta Hydroxyslase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two kinds of receptors does NE bind to post synaptically?

A

Alpha and Beta receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which auto receptor is bound by NE?

A

Alpha 2

18
Q

Which enzyme catalyzed the conversion of Norepinephrine to Epinephrine?

A

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)

19
Q

T or F, Serotonin is a catecholamine?

A

FALSE

20
Q

What is the amino acid precursor for Serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

21
Q

Which enzyme converts Trytophan to 5 Hydroxy tryptophan?

A

Tryptophan Hydroxylase

22
Q

Which enzyme converts 5 Hydroxy tryptophan to 5 Hydroxy tryptam ine (serotonin)?

A

Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC)

23
Q

What is the precursor for Acetylcholine?

A

Choline

24
Q

What combines with choline to be converted to acetylcholine by choline acetyl transferase?

A

Acetyl CoA

25
Q

What Metabolizes acetylcholine outside of the neuron?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

26
Q

What type of presynaptic receptor does acetylcholine act on?

A

Muscarinic receptor

*This is an autoreceptor

27
Q

What are two important Amino Acid neurotransmitters?

A
  • GABA (Inhibitory)

- Glutamate (Excitatory)

28
Q

What is the precursor for Glutamate that is converted by amino transferase?

A

Alpha Keto-Glutarate

29
Q

What are the 3 post synaptic receptors that Glutamate binds after being released?

A

1-NMDA
2-AMPA
3-Kainate

30
Q

As part of Glutamate regulation, what enzyme converts it to Glutamine in astrocytes?

A

Glutamine Synthetase

31
Q

Which enzyme converts Glutamine from astrocyte cells back to glutamate in neurons?

A

Glutaminase

32
Q

Which enzyme converts Glutamate to GABA?

A

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)

*GABA=Gamma aminobutyric acid

33
Q

What is GABA degraded to in astrocytes?

A

Succinate

34
Q

What are two post synaptic receptors that GABA binds?

A

1-GABA-A

2-GABA-B

35
Q

What three things do most neurotransmitters do?

A

1-Bind post synaptic receptors
2-Bind Autoreceptors
3-Be taken up again to be metabolized or used again

36
Q

What are 5 other substances that act on the brain?

A 
1-Histamine
2-Endorphins
3-Neuropeptides
4-Endocannabinoids
5-Nitric Oxide
37
Q

Which receptor does Histamine act on?

A

H3

*functions as an inhibitory heteroreceptor

38
Q

What do endorphins acting on u opiod receptors do?

A

Activated opiate receptor lead to decrease GABA release

*Less GABA release results in increase Dopamine release

39
Q

What are the two main things Nitric Oxide does?

A

1-Gaseous signaling molecule
2-Relax vascular smooth muscle

*CNS role may be controversial

40
Q

What protein transports Glutamate into vesicles?

A

Glutamate transporter

Disease and Therapeutics (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions