Endocrine Disease Flashcards
Hot and sweaty, weight loss, muscle weakness, thyroid storm and nervousness are characteristic of what?
Hyperthyroidism
A large thyroid gland resulting from autoimmune agonists causing excessive thyroid receptor activation is called?
Graves disease
*90% of hyperthyroidism is this
What are the two main hyperthyroidism diseases?
1-Graves disease (90%)
2-Plummer’s disease (5-10%)
Low temperature, dry coarse skin, sluggishness, cold intolerance, weight gain, and high TSH are characteristic of what?
Hypothyroidism
*in children cretinism with reduce mental and physical development
What autoimmune disease usually in females has thyroid enlargement and is a hypothyroid condition?
Hashimoto’s disease
*may start as hyperthyroidism followed by permanent hypothyroidism
What is the most common lesion of the thyroid, is usually associated with iodine deficiency?
Goiter
*large follicles filled with colloid and relatively few cells. Rarely hypothyroidism
What does the Parathyroid regulate?
Free calcium in blood through PTH. Activates osteoclasts and bone resorption, tubular reabsorption, vitamin D and GI absorption to increase serum Ca.
Usually due to parathyroid adenoma, what common disorder is characterized by osteoporosis, constipation, weakness, anorexia, stones, and arrhythmias because of hypercalcemia?
Primary hyperparathyroidism
What hypercalcemia condition is due to intestinal malabsroption of vitamin D or calcium?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
What rare condition results most often from accidental parathyroid removal and is characterized by hypocalcemia, decreases PTH, tetany, and dental changes in children?
Hypoparathyroidism
What group of conditions has 4 types defined by location and effect on secreted hormone and are most common in 40-70 year olds?
Pituitary Adenomas
What are the 4 common types of pituitary adenomas?
1-Prolactinoma
2-Growth hormone (gigantism)
3-Null cell/unclassified (mass effects)
4-Corticotroph (cushings)
What are 3 consequences of Hypopituitarism?
1-Loss of sex characteristics-sterility
2-Retard growth in children
3-Hypothyroidism
How does inappropriate ADH secretion from the pituitary effect the body?
Alters kidney function-volume (water) expansion, hyponatremia and hemodilution
What are 5 features of primary acute Adrenal cortical insufficiency?
1-Weakness 2-Nausea 3-Hyponatremia 4-Hypotension 5-Skin pigmentation (get increase of MSH with the ACTH)
In the adrenal gland the medulla makes and releases __________
and the Cortex makes _________
catecholamines
steroids: mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex steroids
What autoimmune disease is more common in white women, accounts for 65% of adrenal insufficiency cases and has increased infection?
Addison Disease
What two things are different in secondary vs primary adrenocortical insufficiency?
1-No hyperpigmentation
2-Aldosterone usually normal
*due to hypothalamic or pituitary problem
What is the leading cause of hypercortisolism, is due to adrenal hyperplasia, has Low ACTH and high Cortisol, with adrenals acting autonomously?
Cushing Disease
*5 x more likely in women
What are 8 symptoms of Cushings syndrome?
1-moon face 2-osteoporosis 3-buffalo hump 4-obesity 5-thin skin 6-amenorrhea 7-muscle weakness 8-poor wound healing
What condition has Na+ retention and K+ excretion and Suppression of renin-angiotensin system
Hyperaldosteronism
What are 3 types of Adrenal cortical tumors?
1-Adenoma (common, usually nonfunctional)
2-Carinoma (rare)
3-Pheochromocytoma
Which tumor of the adrenal medulla increases secretion of catecholamines and thus increases sympathetic nervous system?
Pheochromocytoma
*Hypertension, Flushing, Increased urine catecholamines
What second most frequent bone disease is usually in patients over 40, effects the vertebrae, skull and long bones, can cause arthritis near joints, have high serum alkaline phosphates and enhances osteoclastic activity?
Paget’s Disease (osteitis deformans)
*described as disorder of bone remodeling
