Alcoholism

Question 1

Medical conditions that doctors diagnose when a patients drinking causes distress or harm is called?

Answer 1

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

Question 2

How does alcohol alter mental state?

Answer 2

Increases Dopamine

Question 3

What small molecule gets everywhere, is a CNS depressant and can cause Barbiturate-like withdrawal?

Answer 3

Ethanol

Question 4

What 6 receptors are altered by alcohol?

Answer 4

1-GABA-A
2-Kir2/GIRK
3-adenosine reuptake
4-glycine receptor
5-NMDA receptor
6-5-HT3 receptor

Question 5

What does alcohol disrupt?

Answer 5

Lipid membranes

Question 6

Alcohol stimulated the release of B-endorphins which affect GABA neurons resulting in decrease inhibition and release of what?

Answer 6

Dopamine

*Mesolimbic pathway

Question 7

Where is 80% of the alcohol absorbed?

Answer 7

Small intestines

*Food can slow the absorption. Distributes everywhere

Question 8

What type of kinetics does alcohol have?

Answer 8

Zero-Order kinetics

*constant rate of elimination

Question 9

Where is alcohol eliminated?

Answer 9

90% in the liver

*Some in the lungs

Question 10

How does disulfiram work?

Answer 10

Blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in hangover and nausea

Question 11

What is the main enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of ethanol into formaldehyde and acetylaldehyde?

Answer 11

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 12

What are the 5 dose-dependent effects of alcohol?

Answer 12

1-Sedation/slow reaction (0.05%-0.1%)
2-Impaired motor, slur speech (0.1-0.2%)
3-Emsis, stupor (0.2-0.3%)
4-Coma (0.3=0.4%)
5-Respiratory depression/death (>0.4%)

Question 13

In what order does alcohol affect the brain?

Answer 13

1-Cerebral cortex (decisions)
2-Limbic system (emotion)
3-Cerebellum (balance)
4-Hypothalamus and pituitary
5-Medulla (respiration)

Question 14

What effect does alcohol have on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

Vasodilation

*low dose increases HDL. High doses increase heard disease and BP

Question 15

What can alcohol do to the liver?

Answer 15

Cause cirrhosis and fatty liver

Question 16

How does alcohol effect the kidneys?

Answer 16

Acts as a diuretic

Question 17

How does alcohol effect the GI tract?

Answer 17

Increases acid secretion

Question 18

How does alcohol effect the immune system?

Answer 18

Suppresses both innate and adaptive immune systems

Question 19

How can alcohol lead to malnutrition?

Answer 19

Inflames the GI resulting in vitamin deficiencies such as folate

Question 20

What condition is caused by alcohol use during pregnancy and results in bone and facial deformities and learning deficits?

Answer 20

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 21

Why is acetaminophen use particularly dangerous in a consistent alcohol user?

Answer 21

Prolonged alcohol intake enhanced Cytochrome P450 resulting in higher metabolism of acetaminophen in the liver causing toxicity

Question 22

How does acute alcohol use effect drug metabolism?

Answer 22

Decreases enzyme activity or decreases blood flow to the liver

Question 23

Which drug used to treat Alcohol use disorder inhibits ALDH resulting in high acetalaldehyde?

Answer 23

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Question 24

Which drug used to treat alcohol use disorder is a u opioid receptor antagonist?

Answer 24

Naltrexone (ReVia, Vivitrol)

*decreases feeling of reward with alcohol and decreases cravings