Breast and Reproductive

Question 1

What are 3 symptoms of breast disease?

Answer 1

1-Pain
2-Palbable masses
3-Nipple discharge

Question 2

What routine exam detects breast density, can show architectural distortions as well as calcifications and can help determine change over time?

Answer 2

Mammography

*start screening at 40. 10% of cancers don’t show up

Question 3

What condition can cause breast abscesses and necrosis, and results from a plugged duct, usually in women who are breast feeding?

Answer 3

Acute mastitis

*Can be infectious or non-infections

Question 4

What fibrolytic change occurs between 20-40 yrs old, is a higher risk of breast cancer, can calcify and look like cancer and doesn’t typically occur after menopause?

Answer 4

Breast cysts

Question 5

What well circumscribed mass composed mainly of CT is not typically removed unless its uncomfortable?

Answer 5

Benign neoplasm

*Fibroadenoma the most common

Question 6

What three things are taken into account for the prognosis of breast cancer?

Answer 6

1-Size
2-Axillary node status
3-Distant metastasis

*5 yr survival 92% for stage 0, 13% for stage IV

Question 7

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

Answer 7

Invasive carcinoma

*most are ductal and can be removed by lumpectomies if small

Question 8

HPV is associated with squamous cell neoplasms and represent most cervical cancers. What are 5 risk factors for cervical cancer?

Answer 8

1-multiple sex partners
2-Immunosuppression 
3-early age of first sexual contact
4-oral contraception for >5 years
5-nicotine use

Question 9

What are 3 things that can cause endometrial polyps?

Answer 9

1-Hypertension
2-Obesity
3-Late menopause

Question 10

What are three risks for endometrial cancer (adenocarcinoma)?

Answer 10

1-Obesity
2-Diabetes
3-Hypertension

Question 11

What is the treatment of choice for endometrial cancer?

Answer 11

Hysterectomy

*radiation/chemo if necessary

Question 12

What exaggerated responses due to excessive estrogen of endometrium is treated with progesterone or a hysterectomy?

Answer 12

Endometrial hyperplasia

*can progress to cancer

Question 13

What are two types of ovarian masses?

Answer 13

1-Non-neoplastic cysts (e.g., follicular)
2-Neoplastic: e.g., endometroioid

*contraceptives can decrease risk

Question 14

What are 3 symptoms of ovarian masses?

Answer 14

1-Pelvic pain
2-Pelvic mass
3-Abdominal bleeding

*no effective screening for ovarian cancer

Question 15

What being smooth muscle neoplasm is estrogen-dependent can cause infertility and may bleed and be painful?

Answer 15

Leiomyoma