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Disease and Therapeutics > Psychopathology 2 > Flashcards

Psychopathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

All antidepressants act on what systems?

A

Monoamine systems

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2
Q

What 3 neurotransmitter activities are imbalanced in psychopathologic disorders?

A

DA
NE
5HT

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3
Q

What drug is not used very often because of hallucinations in adult patients but is used as an anesthetic and can help with depression as an NMDA antagonist?

A

Ketamine

*Similar to PCP

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4
Q

What group of disorders is a natural response that increases adrenaline and cortisol in a fight or flight response?

A

Anxiety Disorders

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5
Q

What are the two types of anxiety disorders?

A

1-Chronic, mild anxiety (treat through support and relaxation)
2-Chronic, Moderately severe (treat with pharmacology, relaxation and psychotherapy)

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6
Q

What type of sedative is an agonist on BDZ receptors and act as allosteric modulators of GABA A receptors?

A

Benzodiazepines

*causes Cl- influx into the cell

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7
Q

Benzodiazepines are the most popular CNS depressants with little effect on respiration and are used for what 5 things?

A 
1-Anxiolytic (sedative)
2-Treat seizures (GABA)
3-Insomnia (Hypnotic-short acting)
4-Muscle Relaxation
5-Used a few hours before surgical dental procedures
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8
Q

What are 4 side effects or benzodiazepines?

A

1-Tolerance and addiction with physical dependence (treat less than 3 months)
2-Synergy with other depressants
3-Drowsiness and motor impairment with decrease cognition
4-Contraindicated in elderly and intellectually disabled

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9
Q

What are two examples of sedative drugs?

A

1-Diazepam (Valium) longer acting 20-50 half life

2-Alprazolam (Xanax) 6-12 hour half life

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10
Q

What are two examples of hypnotic drugs?

A

1-Lorazepam (Ativan)
2-Triazolam (Halcion)

*Short half lifes

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11
Q

What drug is Benzodiazepine like but causes less drowsiness and lacks the dependence/addiction danger?

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

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12
Q

What group of drugs enhance GABA, are used for short term anesthesia, longer-term for seizures and cause major depression of respiration?

A

Barbiturates

*Pentobarbital and phenobarbital are examples

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13
Q

What are 4 side effects of Barbiturates?

A

1-Major respiratory depression
2-Severe addiction, dependence and withdrawal
3-Narrow margin of safety
4-Major liver interaction

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14
Q

What drug is not a true barbiturate but is quick acting and has a quick recovery?

A

Propofol

*Michael Jackson overdosed on this

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15
Q

Which drug is used for short term management of anxiety or tension due to every day stresses in patients that typically have co-existing depression?

A

Buspirone (BuSpar)

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16
Q

What are 4 side effects of Buspirone (BuSpar)?

A

1-Not addicting
2-Rare movement problems and seizures
3-Irregular heart beat
4-Interact with MAO inhibitors

17
Q

What disorder is characterized by being an unpredictable, fast onset, self limiting autonomic episode?

A

Severe Acute Anxiety Panic attack

18
Q

What are two drug types used for anxiety-panic attacks?

A

1-SSRI (Paxil)

2-Antidepressants with mixed effects (Venlafaxin)

19
Q

Which disorder is triggered by illogical/irrational fear?

A

Phobic disorders

20
Q

What are the three categories of Phobic disorders?

A

1-Agoraphobia (Spaces)
2-Social phobias (Interactions)
3-Specific (common types)

21
Q

What is used to help treat phobic disorders?

A

SSRIs (Zoloft)

22
Q

What disorder typically affects children and causes short-attention span and learning problems?

A

ADHD/ADD

23
Q

What are the two main types of ADHD/ADD?

A

1-Predominantly Hyperactive-impulsive (acts out, has trouble with other children)
2-Predominantly Inattentive (less likely to act out)

24
Q

What are two stimulant drug options for ADHD/ADD?

A

1-Amphetamines (Adderall)

2-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)- more popular

25
Q

What non-stimulant option for ADHD/ADD is well tolerated, but may cause minor headache, upset stomach and alter sleep?

A

Modafinil

*may act as a DAT and/or NET blocker

26
Q

What condition is usually diagnosed at 2-3 years of age and is characterized by problems with social interaction, communication and repetitive behavior?

A

Autism Spectrum disorder, or the milder form, Asperger’s disorder

27
Q

What two components like make up the cause of Autism?

A

1-Genetic

2-Enviornment

28
Q

What are three possibilities for causes of autism?

A

1-Children are born with a susceptibility, no single trigger
2-A cluster of unstable genes interfere with brain development
3-Problems during pregnancy or delivery (infections, toxins etc)

29
Q

What are 3 medical conditions that autisms seems to be associated with?

A

1-Fragile X syndrome
2-Congenital Rubella syndrome
3-Untreated Phenylketonuria

30
Q

What is the most probable gender and race of an autistic individual?

A

White, Boy

*1 in 68 children has it. 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 63 whites

31
Q

What 2 drug types are helpful with psychotic, aggressive and repetitive behavior especially if treatment starts in young autistic individuals?

A

1-Atypical Antipsychotics (Few extrapyramidal effects)
2-SSRIs

*Focusing on skill development also helps treat

32
Q

Eating disorders effect 1-2% of the population and are typically who?

A

Adolescent Females

*not exclusively

33
Q

What are two main types of eating disorders?

A

1-Anorexia Nervosa (don’t eat)

2-Bulimia nervosa (binge and purge)

34
Q

What are 5 symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa?

A 
1-Osteoporosis
2-Muscle Wasting
3-Damage to heart
4-Infertility
5-Dry Yellow SKin
35
Q

What two places do bulimics have the most damage?

A

1-Esophagus
2-Teeth

*Also dehydrated and acid reflux from purging,

36
Q

Supportive psychotherapy and image counseling is helpful in eating disorders, what drugs could be used?

A

Antidepressants such as Fluoxetine and other SSRIs

Disease and Therapeutics (39 decks)

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