Pulmonary and Renal Pharm Flashcards
What are the 4 groups of drugs used for asthma as it increases in severity?
1-Relievers
2-Preventers
3-Add on controllers
4-Oral steroids
What group of asthma drugs are rapid bronchodilators used a minimum dose and frequency?
Relievers
What group of asthma drugs are taken regularly as long-term control and prevention?
Controllers
Which type of drugs are the drug of choice for acute, intermittent asthma?
B2 selective adrenoreptor agonists (albuterol, salmeterol)
Which drug is the only true rescue reliever of asthma?
Albuterol
Which drug is a B2 selective agonist that is longer acting and has a slower onset?
Salmeterol
Which group of asthma drugs have systemic effects and are used for chronic maintenance in patients with moderate-severe asthma and require B2 drugs more than once a day?
Corticosteroids
*may cause candidiasis, severe nose bleeds, sores, etc.
Which corticosteroid drug is the most commonly used for asthma?
Fluticasone
Which group of asthma drugs include theophylline, theobromine and caffeine?
Methylxanthine drugs
Which methyxanthine is used for mild acute asthma and can be used for diaphragmatic fatigue in COPD?
Theophylline
*require plasma level monitoring
Which group of asthma drugs reverse contraction of smooth muscles in airways by blocking ACh?
Antimuscarinics
*Ipatroprium bromide
Which group of asthma drugs are selective leukotriene receptor antagonists and used as prophylactic and chronic asthma?
Leukotriene modifier
*Montelukast (Singulair)
Which asthma drug is used for prophylactic use only and inhibits release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine?
Cromolyn
Which asthma drug is reserved for patines with chronic severe asthma that is inadequately controlled and inhibits IgE?
Omalizumab
*Very expensive
Which respiratory condition is the 4th most common cause of death (usually caused by smoking) and is irreversible airway remodeling?
COPD
*Asthma is Reversible
What are 3 longer acting bronchodilators that may help in COPD?
1-Tiotropium bromide
2-Salmetrol
3-Theophylline in combination with Glucocorticoids
What anti-influenza drug is affective against influenza A and B and prevents the release of viral progeny from host cells?
Oseltamivir
What drug used to be used for its effectivity against Influenza A but is no longer used due to resistance?
Amantadine
*Also an anti-parkinsons drug
What are 3 drugs used for smoking cessation?
1-Nicotine replacement therapy
2-Bupropion (tetracyclic antidepressant)
3-Chantix (verenicline): selective nicotinic subunit agonist
What drug is used for small stones (
Tamsulosin
What are 3 possible interventions for larger kidney stones?
1-Shock wave lithotripsy
2-Telescopic removal
3-Parathyroid gland surgery
What are the 4 most common types of kidney stones?
1-Calcium (75%)
2-Struvite (10-15%)
3-Uric acid (5%)
4-Cystine (2-5%)
Which type of kidney stone is caused by excess calcium and oxalate and how to you treat the urine to slow deposition?
Calcium Stones
Alkalinize urine to slow deposition
Which kidney stone type is composed of magnesium and ammonium phosphate and how do you treat the urine?
Struvite
Acidify urine pH and treat infection
Which kidney stone type is caused by excess waste and uric acid and how do you treat the urine?
Uric acid
Alkanilize urine pH
*about half suffer from gout
Which kidney stone type is excess cystine, causes hypercystinuria and how do you treat the urine?
Cystine stones
alkanilize urine and increase water to flush
Which kidney stone medication is used to treat calcium kidney stones, and is a thiazide diuretic?
Hydrochlorothiazide
*distal convoluted tubule action
Which kidney stone medication is used for uric acid and cystine stones but may also benefit calcium stones and is contraindicated for struvite stones?
Sodium bicarbonate
*Alkalinizes urine
Which kidney stone medication is used for cystine stones?
Penicillamine
*chelates cystine
Which kidney stone medication is used for struvite (infection) stones?
Trimethoprime-sulfmethaxazole
*folate synthesis inhibitors)
Which kidney stone medication is used for uric acid stones?
Allopurinol
Which kidney stone medication is used for strivite crystals but may increase risk of phlebitis, deep vein thrombosis and hemolytic anemia?
Acetohydrozamic acid
Infection of the bladder is called ___ infection of the urethra is called _____
Cystitis
Urethritis
What are the 3 most common bacterial strains that cause UTIs?
1-E. Coli (G-)
2-Staphylococcus saprophyticus (G+)
3-Klebsiella, Enterococci and Proteus (minority)
Which two drugs are used as preferred treatment of UTI?
1-Trimethoprime-sulfmethaxazole
2-Fosfomycin trometamol
Which two drugs are used as alternatives for UTI?
1-Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin
2-Amoxicillin/clavulanate
What are four drugs commonly administered to patients on dialysis?
1-Atenelol (B1 antagonist) to reduce hypertension and HR
2-Captopril (ACE inhibitor) may cause cough
3-Heparin (anticoagulant)
4-Furosemide (diruetic to reduce volume)
*EPO may be used as well
