Addiction Flashcards
Persistent use resulting in adaptations, typically accompanied by accommodation or tolerance and withdrawal is called?
Dependence
A disorder of pathologic decision making such as the expression of compulsive destructive behavior despite negative consequences is called?
Drug Addition (Substance use disorder)
What do virtually all abused substances do?
Enhance dopamine activity
*GABA and glutamate also involved
Where do abused substances increase dopamine activity?
Nucleus accumbens
*particularly related to pleasure.
What dopamine pathway is considered the pleasure pathway?
From the VTA to the Nucleus accumbens
What are 6 functions of dopamine pathways in the brain?
1-Reward (motivation) 2-Pleasure/euphoria 3-Motor function 4-Compulsion 5-Perserveration 6-Decision making
What are 4 Serotonin pathways functions in the brain?
1-Mood
2-Memory processing
3-Sleep
4-Cognition
What two pathway types are the main pathways affected in substance abuse?
Serotonin and Dopamine pathways
Frequent exposure to drugs such as amphetamines has what effect on dendrites?
Increases synaptic connections and influence
What two drugs block dopamine transporters, inhibiting reuptake of dopamine?
1-Cocaine
2-Ritalin
What four drugs of abuse activate receptors?
1-Opioids (Opioid receptor)
2-Nicotine (nicotinic receptor)
3-Marijuana (cannabinoid receptor)
4-Alcohol/sedatives (Gaba receptors)
Which drug blocks adenosine receptors?
Caffeine
What 4 drugs reverse Vmat and the reuptake transported to dump dopamine outside the cell?
1-Methamphetamine
2-MDMA (ecstasy)
3-Ephedrine
4-Bath salts
What are three components that determine the expression of an action or decision?
1-Dominance of tracts
2-Strength of prefrontal cortex to select
3-Relevance or saliency (orbitofrontal cortex)
What is the result of dopamine pathways reinforcing a particular behavior?
Behavior tract becomes more dominant than prefrontal cortex and overcomes logic
Long term use of Meth can increase risk of what disease 4 fold?
Parkinsons
*very similar brain extrapyramidal effects
What receptors are damaged in addiction?
D2 receptors
*ability to experience reward is damaged
Genetic factors reveal _______ not ______
Vulnerability, not inevitability
What brain system develops young and results in knee jerk reactions and impulsive behaviors?
Amygdala
*prefrontal cortex develops last
What percentage of long term smokers began before 18 yrs old?
92%
There is a ___% of quitting smoking if started before 13 yrs old, __% if from 14-16 and _____ if began as an adult?
4, 10, >90
According to Dr. Hanson, Should marijuana be legalized?
NO! Though a cannabinoid receptor agonist could be useful
Use of what drug can lead to lower grades, lower satisfaction with life, sleep problems and a lower IQ?
Marijuana
