OTCs Flashcards
Congestion is a result of inflammation/mucus and treated by what three drugs?
1-Oxymetazoline
2- Phenylephrine
3- Pseudophedrine (restricted sales)
____ decongestants are longer lasting but may cause increased HR and BP while _____ are fast/short acting, and hard to dose
Systemic
Topical
Rinorrhea is caused by mucus draining to clear dead cells and is treated using what 3 antihistamine (H1) drugs?
1-Diphenhydramine (drowsiness)
2-Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
3-Loratidine (Claritin) less drowsiness
A ______ cough has no mucus and is common to smokers and those with raspy, dry throats. Whearas _____ coughs move mucus and remove debris
Non-productive
Productive
Which 3 drugs are antitussives?
1- Codeine (Sched V in utah)
2- Diphenhydramine (anithistamine)
3- Dextromethorphan (robotussin)
Which drug is used to increase a productive cough?
Expectorant
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Cough drops/syrupy products are used to coat the throat to reduce irritation and are examples of what?
Demulcents
What does drinking water or using a humidifier do for a cold?
Decreases viscosity of mucus and increases productive cough
What are 3 antivirals that are frequently used?
1-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu-not OTC)
2-Zanamivir (Relenza-not OTC)
3=Docosanol (Abreva)- cold sores
*Take early
Which analgesic is an antipyretic, Gi irritant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and may cause Reye Syndrome?
Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid)
Which analgesic is not anti-inflammatory, not a cox 1 or 2 inhibitor, does not irritate the GI, not an anticoagulant but has liver toxicity?
Acetaminophen
*dont use with alcohol
Which analgesic is similar to aspirin but does not cause Reye syndrome and is more of a cox 2 inhibitor?
Ibuprofen
*naproxen is long lasting version
What are three other agents for colds that have debatable effectiveness?
1-Zinc
2-Menthol
3-Phenol
Which drugs are adenosine antagonists that have minor CVS effects, are a diuretic and stimulate gastric secretion?
Xanthines (Caffeine)
*Vivarin is a brand
What are 3 ways nicotine is administered to treat tobacco dependence?
1-Patch
2-Lozenges
3-Gum
*cause dizziness, headache, nausea
What are two depressant drugs that aid in sleep?
1-Diphenhydramine (antihistamine; sleep aid)
2- Doxylamine (antihistamine, sleep aid)
Which anti fungal is used for thrush and vaginal infections?
Miconazole
What are two antibiotics used for minor abrasions?
1-Polysporin (Bacitracin and polymycin)
2-Neosporin (Neomycin)
Which topical anti-inflammatory is used for skin lesions, eczema, insect bits and poison ivy?
Hydrocortisone
What topical ointment is used for pain relief and works through TRPV channels by depleting substance P?
Capsaicin
What are two drugs used to treat motion sickness?
1-Scopolamine (anticholinergic)
2-Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, anticholinergic)-may cause dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision and reduced urination
Which drug is used as a hair growth stimulant working through vasodilation?
Minoxidil (Rogaine)
*can cause rapid heart beat
What is used to treat hemorrhoids?
Phenylephrine
*vasoconstriction
The active ingredient anandamide in Marijuana acts on cannabinoid receptors and has what 6 effects?
1-Munchies 2-Euphoria/relaxation 3-Memory, learning and motivation problems 4-Loss of coordination 5-Increased HR 6-Respiratory difficulty
What FDA approved cannabinoid agonist increases appetite, is anti-nausea, and a CB1 agonist?
Marinol (Dronabinol)
*synthetic THC
What are 4 proposed uses for THC/Marijuana?
1-anti-nausea
2-increase appetite
3-glaucoma-reduce intraocular pressure
4-chronic pain
Which drug was approved in europe and later withdrawn but acts as a CB1 antagonist and was used to treat obesity by reducing appetite?
Acomplia (Rimonabant)
Which products contain cannabinoid agonists/antagonists and were originally legal but have since been outlawed?
Spice
Which herb is used to treat depression?
St. Johns Wort
Which herb is used to treat colds, although it is controversial?
Echinacea
Which herb is used for skin care and a supplement to treat constipation?
Aloe vera
Which herb is used to prevent urinary tract infection?
Cranberry
Which herb is used to improve memory but can increase bleeding?
Gingko
Which herb can boost immune system but may lower blood sugar?
Ginseng
Which Herb is a sympathomimetic containing ephedrine and is used for short term weight loss?
Ephedra
