GI and Liver Flashcards
Irritants to squamous mucosa in the esophagus can result in?
Chemical Esophagitis
What condition is usually in immunosuppressed (often Herpes or Candida)?
Infectious Esophagitis
Which virus affects the entire GI tract (usually elderly or immunocompromised) and presents as multiple discrete, well-circumscribed superficial ulcers?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Burning, Excessive salivation, and choking as a result of gastroesophageal sphincter relaxation can result in?
Reflux Esophagitis
*Aggravated by: obesity, pregancy, alcohol/tobacco use
What are 5 treatments for Reflux esophagitis?
1-Antacids 2-H2 blockers 3-PPI 4-Lose weight 5-Stop smoking/drinking
What are the 3 main complications of Reflux esophagitis?
1-Ulcerations
2-Stricture
3-Barrett Esophagus
What are 5 things that can induce reactive (erosive) gastropathy?
1-Alcohol 2-NSAIDS 3-Iron 4-Stress 5-Bile reflux
What stomach issue is sometimes asymptomatic with possible significant blood loss?
Acute gastritis
Nausea and vomiting as a result of NSAIDs or lots of stress is likely?
Acute Peptic Ulceration
What are 2 kinds of Chronic Gastritis?
1-H. pylori gastritis (duodenal and pyloric ulcers; may lead to cancer)
2-Autoimmune gastritis
What are two causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease?
1-H. Pylori
2-NSAIDs
*increased acid. Punched out ulcers have potential for perforation and hemorrhage
Hyper plastic response to gastric injury around ulcers is called?
Polyp
What are two types of gastric carcinoma?
1-Intestinal type (gland forming, HP associated)
2-Diffuse type (signet ring cell morphology)
What are two types of intestinal obstruction?
1-Mechanical (80%)
2-Neoplasm and infarction (20%)
What condition with no gross microscopic abnormalities has relapsing pain, bloating, constipation/diarrhea and is due to diet, abnormal motility and stress?
Irritable bowel Syndrome
What intestinal disease is caused by microorganisms such as salmonella, E. coli?
Infections Self-limiting Colitis
What condition is spread from person to person, following antibiotic therapy and is caused by clostridium difficile?
Pseudomembranous Colitis
*Most common nosocomial infection in older adults
What disease is similar to ulcerative colitis with non-lesioned areas with intermediate constructers, granulomas, fistulas and perianal issues and can lead to cancer?
Crohns Disease
*Also affected upper GI but most often lower
What condition is similar to Crohn’s disease in some aspects but does not involve upper GI and is classically considered continuous?
Ulcerative Colitis
Which type of cholecystitis is often caused by gallstones and obstruction?
Acute
*Can become chronic if not resolved
What are 5 types of liver disease, all of which can go on to cirrhosis?
1-Fatty liver 2-Hepatitis 3-Biliary Disease 4-Metabolic disease 5-Vascular
Which liver disease is caused by ETHOH, obesity, and diabetes mellitus?
Fatty liver
Which liver disease is caused by virus, drug or autoimmune?
Hepatitis
What three things make up the liver?
1-Hepatocytes
2-Duct cells
3-Blood vessels
Which cells do all the metabolic work of the liver?
Hepatocytes
Portal tracts contain the triad composed of what?
1-Bile ducts
2-Portal veins (nutrient blood from gut)
3-Hepatic artery from heart
Blood travels through _____ to enrich the hepatocytes and then drains via the _______
Sinusoids
Central vein
*blood mixes in sinusoids
What is the #1 cause of liver toxicity?
Drugs
What is the worst destruction in Fatty liver (steatosis)?
Fibrosis
*leads to collagen scar and cirrhosis
What can happen in the liver caused by blood back flow and build up due to heart failure?
Death of hepatocytes in large sheets causing those areas to fill with blood
What occurs when the cannuliculi in the liver fill with bile due to cholestastis?
Patient becomes jaundiced
Which two types of hepatitis viruses cause acute hepatitis?
A and E
Which two hepatitis viruses start with acute and progress to chronic?
B and C
_____million carry Hep C whereas ______ billion are chronically infected with hep B
170
2
*Can lead to cancer of the liver
When fibrosis is surrounding nodules what is it called?
Cirrhosis
*regenerative hepatocytes make up nodules
What unusual liver condition is found in obese females and rapidly responds to steroids?
Autoimmune Heptatitis
Which liver condition is often associated with iron overload?
Metabolic disease
What copper metabolic defect goes to hepatitis then cirrhosis and is a type of metabolic liver disease?
Wilsons Disease
______ Means fatty liver while a fatty liver associated with inflammation is called______
steatosis
Steatohepatitis
