GI and Liver

Question 1

Irritants to squamous mucosa in the esophagus can result in?

Answer 1

Chemical Esophagitis

Question 2

What condition is usually in immunosuppressed (often Herpes or Candida)?

Answer 2

Infectious Esophagitis

Question 3

Which virus affects the entire GI tract (usually elderly or immunocompromised) and presents as multiple discrete, well-circumscribed superficial ulcers?

Answer 3

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 4

Burning, Excessive salivation, and choking as a result of gastroesophageal sphincter relaxation can result in?

Answer 4

Reflux Esophagitis

*Aggravated by: obesity, pregancy, alcohol/tobacco use

Question 5

What are 5 treatments for Reflux esophagitis?

Answer 5

1-Antacids
2-H2 blockers
3-PPI
4-Lose weight
5-Stop smoking/drinking

Question 6

What are the 3 main complications of Reflux esophagitis?

Answer 6

1-Ulcerations
2-Stricture
3-Barrett Esophagus

Question 7

What are 5 things that can induce reactive (erosive) gastropathy?

Answer 7

1-Alcohol 
2-NSAIDS 
3-Iron
4-Stress 
5-Bile reflux

Question 8

What stomach issue is sometimes asymptomatic with possible significant blood loss?

Answer 8

Acute gastritis

Question 9

Nausea and vomiting as a result of NSAIDs or lots of stress is likely?

Answer 9

Acute Peptic Ulceration

Question 10

What are 2 kinds of Chronic Gastritis?

Answer 10

1-H. pylori gastritis (duodenal and pyloric ulcers; may lead to cancer)
2-Autoimmune gastritis

Question 11

What are two causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease?

Answer 11

1-H. Pylori
2-NSAIDs

*increased acid. Punched out ulcers have potential for perforation and hemorrhage

Question 12

Hyper plastic response to gastric injury around ulcers is called?

Answer 12

Polyp

Question 13

What are two types of gastric carcinoma?

Answer 13

1-Intestinal type (gland forming, HP associated)

2-Diffuse type (signet ring cell morphology)

Question 14

What are two types of intestinal obstruction?

Answer 14

1-Mechanical (80%)

2-Neoplasm and infarction (20%)

Question 15

What condition with no gross microscopic abnormalities has relapsing pain, bloating, constipation/diarrhea and is due to diet, abnormal motility and stress?

Answer 15

Irritable bowel Syndrome

Question 16

What intestinal disease is caused by microorganisms such as salmonella, E. coli?

Answer 16

Infections Self-limiting Colitis

Question 17

What condition is spread from person to person, following antibiotic therapy and is caused by clostridium difficile?

Answer 17

Pseudomembranous Colitis

*Most common nosocomial infection in older adults

Question 18

What disease is similar to ulcerative colitis with non-lesioned areas with intermediate constructers, granulomas, fistulas and perianal issues and can lead to cancer?

Answer 18

Crohns Disease

*Also affected upper GI but most often lower

Question 19

What condition is similar to Crohn’s disease in some aspects but does not involve upper GI and is classically considered continuous?

Answer 19

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 20

Which type of cholecystitis is often caused by gallstones and obstruction?

Answer 20

Acute

*Can become chronic if not resolved

Question 21

What are 5 types of liver disease, all of which can go on to cirrhosis?

Answer 21

1-Fatty liver
2-Hepatitis
3-Biliary Disease
4-Metabolic disease
5-Vascular

Question 22

Which liver disease is caused by ETHOH, obesity, and diabetes mellitus?

Answer 22

Fatty liver

Question 23

Which liver disease is caused by virus, drug or autoimmune?

Answer 23

Hepatitis

Question 24

What three things make up the liver?

Answer 24

1-Hepatocytes
2-Duct cells
3-Blood vessels

Question 25

Which cells do all the metabolic work of the liver?

Answer 25

Hepatocytes

Question 26

Portal tracts contain the triad composed of what?

Answer 26

1-Bile ducts
2-Portal veins (nutrient blood from gut)
3-Hepatic artery from heart

Question 27

Blood travels through _____ to enrich the hepatocytes and then drains via the _______

Answer 27

Sinusoids

Central vein

*blood mixes in sinusoids

Question 28

What is the #1 cause of liver toxicity?

Answer 28

Drugs

Question 29

What is the worst destruction in Fatty liver (steatosis)?

Answer 29

Fibrosis

*leads to collagen scar and cirrhosis

Question 30

What can happen in the liver caused by blood back flow and build up due to heart failure?

Answer 30

Death of hepatocytes in large sheets causing those areas to fill with blood

Question 31

What occurs when the cannuliculi in the liver fill with bile due to cholestastis?

Answer 31

Patient becomes jaundiced

Question 32

Which two types of hepatitis viruses cause acute hepatitis?

Answer 32

A and E

Question 33

Which two hepatitis viruses start with acute and progress to chronic?

Answer 33

B and C

Question 34

_____million carry Hep C whereas ______ billion are chronically infected with hep B

Answer 34

170

2

*Can lead to cancer of the liver

Question 35

When fibrosis is surrounding nodules what is it called?

Answer 35

Cirrhosis

*regenerative hepatocytes make up nodules

Question 36

What unusual liver condition is found in obese females and rapidly responds to steroids?

Answer 36

Autoimmune Heptatitis

Question 37

Which liver condition is often associated with iron overload?

Answer 37

Metabolic disease

Question 38

What copper metabolic defect goes to hepatitis then cirrhosis and is a type of metabolic liver disease?

Answer 38

Wilsons Disease

Question 39

______ Means fatty liver while a fatty liver associated with inflammation is called______

Answer 39

steatosis

Steatohepatitis