Bone and Joint Flashcards
________bone resists compression forces, ______ bone is thick and resists bending forces
Medullary
Cortical
What condition has a. deficient or defective type 1 collagen, Generalized osteopenia with Multiple fractures and bone deformities
as well as Malformed teeth (dentin deficiency)?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
*may also have clue sclera
What are two main factors that can cause acquired disease of the bone?
1-Vitamin deficiencies: scurvy (vit. C), rickets (vit. D)
2-Endocrine factors—hyperparathyroidism
What are 3 types of acquired bone disease?
1-Osteoporosis (elderly women, after menopause)
2-Osteomalacia (vitamin D deficiency)
3-Hyperparathyroidism
Age, low estrogen, fair hair and skin, tall and thin are all genetic causes for what?
Osteoporosis
Inactivity, smoking/alcohol, malnutrition, medication (chronic corticosteroids) are all behavioral causes for what?
Osteoporosis
Abnormal forward curvature of the spin is called?
Kyphosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called?
Scoliosis
What are the 4 types of fractures?
1-Complete
2-Closed (overlying tissue intact)
3-Commuted—bone splintered
4-Displaced
What are 5 possible causes of osteomylelitis (inflammation of bone/marrow)?
1-Blood-born or direct
2-Trauma from compound fractures
3-Pyogenic infections (e.g., staph aureus or salmonella)
4-Granulomatous (TB or fungal, called “Pott disease” when associated with TB)
5-Diabetes (poor circulation, can form drainage site or become osteosarcoma)
Loss of articular cartilage with secondary changes in bone due to wear and tear with no inflammatory changes is called?
Osteoarthritis
*Present in some degree for most persons 65 yrs and older
Most common in caucasians, what condition is autoimmune mediated and causes joint swelling, pain and tenderness?
Rheumatoid arthritis
*onset age 25-50 yrs
What are 4 other areas Rheumatoid arthritis can affect?
1-Ulcers
2-Pulmonary nodules and fibrosis
3-Carditis and pericarditis
4-Vasculitis
What are 6 other inflammatory arthritic conditions?
1-Psoriatic (psorias) arthritis 2-Other autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus [erythematosus], scleroderma) 3-Postinfections (e.g., rheumatic fever) 4-Infectious—staph/strep, TB 5-Gout 6-Lyme disease, if not treated
What is primarily caused by reduced renal excretion of purine, causes hot, swollen pain in the joints and is treated with allopurinol which decreases synthesis of purines?
Gout
*Gouty Tophi are crystalized aggregates or uric acid causing joint destruction
Crystals deposits of calcium pyrophosphate are called?
Pseudo-gout
A cyst resulting from connective tissue around joints is called?
Ganglion Cyst
Reduced function of growth plates may result in what?
Achondroplastic dwarf
Defective osteoclasts result in what condition in which bones are brittle and too dense?
Osteopetrosis
Malignant carcinomas in bone most likely come from what 5 places?
1-lungs 2-prostate 3-breast 4-thyroid 5-kidneys
Which 5 tumors are most likely to be seen in the maxilla or mandible?
1-Osteomas-immature bone
2-Giant cell tumor (benign, but aggressive)
3-Fibrous dysplasia (not malignant)
4-Osteosarcoma (most often in adolescent or older patient)
5-Ewing sarcoma (seen in 10-20 year olds- 2nd most frequent sarcoma after osteosarcoma)
______is benign and _______ is malignant
“oma”
“Sarcoma”
What is the most frequent form of bone malignancy?
Osteosarcoma
*adolescents or geriatrics most likely in long bones
A bening tumor of cartilage is called?
Osteochondroma
Malignancy of cartilage is called?
Chondrosarcoma
Benign medullary bone that does not properly mature often seen in the jaws is called?
Fibrous dysplasia
Where are Rhabdomyosarcomas frequently found?
Head and neck region
*Skeletal muscle tumor
What are two types of smooth muscle tumors?
1-Leiomyoma
2-Leiomyosarcoma (deep soft tissue)
