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Intro B Pharmacology > Purgatives And Laxatives > Flashcards

Purgatives And Laxatives Flashcards

1
Q

The names used interchangeably for any drug that induce the passage of stool include

A

Laxative
Cathartic
Aperients
Evacuant

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2
Q

Classify laxatives

A

Prokinetic agents
Luminally active agents
Non specific stimulant / irritant

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3
Q

The fluid contains …….. % of

A

70-85%

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4
Q

Psyllium preparations is composed of …….

A

Mucilloids

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5
Q

Example of bulk forming agent

A

Bran
Fruits and vegetable
Psyllium preps
Methylcellulose
Calcium polycarbophil

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6
Q

Psyllium preps are rich in ……..

A

Hydrophilic mucilloids

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7
Q

Calcium polycarbophil is a ……..

A

Hydrophilic resin

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8
Q

What components of the luminally active of the luminally active substance that are fermented to have pro-kinetic effects

A

Mucilloids
Pectin
Cellulose

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9
Q

The pectin is fermented to ……….. which has pro kinetic effects

A

Small chain FA

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10
Q

The fermented mucilloids have pro-kinetic and trophic effects explain the trophic effect

A

The fermented pectins etc bring about an increase in colonic bacteria

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11
Q

The non fermentation or partially fermentation components like lignin have pro-kinetic properties T/F

A

True

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12
Q

Allergic reaction have been reported in ……. bulk forming agent

A

Psyllium prep

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13
Q

Bloating is associated with the bulk forming agents with …….

A

Fermentation agents

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14
Q

The contraindications for luminally active substances

A

Megacolon/ megarectum
Obstructive enteropathy

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15
Q

Purgatives containing aspartame are contraindicated in ……..

A

Patients with phenylketonuria

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16
Q

The osmotically active agents include

A

PEG -polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution
Magnesium preps ( magnesium sulfate, citrate, hydroxide,silicate)
Phosphate salte e.g sodium phosphate

Non digestible sugar and alcohol
( sorbitol ,mannitol,lactulose)

17
Q

Describe the MOA of osmotically active agents

A

Osmotic absorption of water which creates a pool leading to increased peristalsis

Magnesium-containing agents that induce cholecystokinin release which aids fluid and electrolyte retention

Nondigestible sugar that results in prokinetic activity

18
Q

The only available phenyl methane is ……..

A

Bisacodyl

19
Q

Examples of phenyl methane include

A

Phenolphthalein hepatotoxicity
Oxyphenisatin hepatotoxicity
Sodium picosulfate
Bisacodyl

20
Q

Bisacodyl is enterically coated T/F

A

True

21
Q

Bisacodyl is available as oral and ……….

A

Rectal suppositories

22
Q

The onset of action of rectal administration of bisacodyl is ……

A

30-60 minutes

23
Q

Bisacodyl is activated by hydrolysis by ……….

A

Colonic esterase

24
Q

5% of the absorbed bisacodyl is metabolised by ……

A

Hydrolysis followed by Glucuronidation and excreted in urine

25
Q

The active form of bisacodyl is ……

A

Bi’s (p -hydroxyphenyl) pyridyl -2 methane

26
Q

Nonabsorbable sugar fermentation is used in the treatment of …..

A

Drug-induced constipation, elderly constipation, and idiopathic chronic constipation

27
Q

Lactulose is used as an adjunct treatment in the treatment of ……………. as it hydrolysis to short FA reduces …………. what is the MOA?

A

Chronic liver kidney
Intraluminal pH

The acidic pH allows the conversion of ammonia produced by colonic bacteria metabolism of fecal urea ammonium ions reducing the burden on the liver to detoxify ammonia

28
Q

PEGS are employed in pre-procedure bowel preparations in ……

A

Radiology
Endoscopy
Surgery

29
Q

Prokinetic agents are

A

Serotonin agonist( tegaserod)
Prostaglandin
Microtubule antagonist ( colchine)
Neurotrophin 3

30
Q

The non specific or irritant substance are

A

Phenyl methane derivatives
Anthraquinones
Ricinoleic

31
Q

Anthraquinone is derived from

A

Aloe
Cascara
Senna

Intro B Pharmacology (38 decks)

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