Purgatives And Laxatives

Question 1

The names used interchangeably for any drug that induce the passage of stool include

Answer 1

Laxative
Cathartic
Aperients
Evacuant

Question 2

Classify laxatives

Answer 2

Prokinetic agents
Luminally active agents
Non specific stimulant / irritant

Question 3

The fluid contains …….. % of

Answer 3

70-85%

Question 4

Psyllium preparations is composed of …….

Answer 4

Mucilloids

Question 5

Example of bulk forming agent

Answer 5

Bran
Fruits and vegetable
Psyllium preps
Methylcellulose
Calcium polycarbophil

Question 6

Psyllium preps are rich in ……..

Answer 6

Hydrophilic mucilloids

Question 7

Calcium polycarbophil is a ……..

Answer 7

Hydrophilic resin

Question 8

What components of the luminally active of the luminally active substance that are fermented to have pro-kinetic effects

Answer 8

Mucilloids
Pectin
Cellulose

Question 9

The pectin is fermented to ……….. which has pro kinetic effects

Answer 9

Small chain FA

Question 10

The fermented mucilloids have pro-kinetic and trophic effects explain the trophic effect

Answer 10

The fermented pectins etc bring about an increase in colonic bacteria

Question 11

The non fermentation or partially fermentation components like lignin have pro-kinetic properties T/F

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Allergic reaction have been reported in ……. bulk forming agent

Answer 12

Psyllium prep

Question 13

Bloating is associated with the bulk forming agents with …….

Answer 13

Fermentation agents

Question 14

The contraindications for luminally active substances

Answer 14

Megacolon/ megarectum
Obstructive enteropathy

Question 15

Purgatives containing aspartame are contraindicated in ……..

Answer 15

Patients with phenylketonuria

Question 16

The osmotically active agents include

Answer 16

PEG -polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution
Magnesium preps ( magnesium sulfate, citrate, hydroxide,silicate)
Phosphate salte e.g sodium phosphate

Non digestible sugar and alcohol
( sorbitol ,mannitol,lactulose)

Question 17

Describe the MOA of osmotically active agents

Answer 17

Osmotic absorption of water which creates a pool leading to increased peristalsis

Magnesium-containing agents that induce cholecystokinin release which aids fluid and electrolyte retention

Nondigestible sugar that results in prokinetic activity

Question 18

The only available phenyl methane is ……..

Answer 18

Bisacodyl

Question 19

Examples of phenyl methane include

Answer 19

Phenolphthalein hepatotoxicity
Oxyphenisatin hepatotoxicity
Sodium picosulfate
Bisacodyl

Question 20

Bisacodyl is enterically coated T/F

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Bisacodyl is available as oral and ……….

Answer 21

Rectal suppositories

Question 22

The onset of action of rectal administration of bisacodyl is ……

Answer 22

30-60 minutes

Question 23

Bisacodyl is activated by hydrolysis by ……….

Answer 23

Colonic esterase

Question 24

5% of the absorbed bisacodyl is metabolised by ……

Answer 24

Hydrolysis followed by Glucuronidation and excreted in urine

Question 25

The active form of bisacodyl is ……

Answer 25

Bi’s (p -hydroxyphenyl) pyridyl -2 methane

Question 26

Nonabsorbable sugar fermentation is used in the treatment of …..

Answer 26

Drug-induced constipation, elderly constipation, and idiopathic chronic constipation

Question 27

Lactulose is used as an adjunct treatment in the treatment of ……………. as it hydrolysis to short FA reduces …………. what is the MOA?

Answer 27

Chronic liver kidney
Intraluminal pH

The acidic pH allows the conversion of ammonia produced by colonic bacteria metabolism of fecal urea ammonium ions reducing the burden on the liver to detoxify ammonia

Question 28

PEGS are employed in pre-procedure bowel preparations in ……

Answer 28

Radiology
Endoscopy
Surgery