General Anaesthesic Flashcards
What is general anaesthesia
It is a Pharmacologically induced state of coma.
It’s a medically induced state that allows a patient to undergo surgery in an unconscious and pain free state
GA 5 major effects are
Production of unconscious state
Amnesia
Inhibition of autonomic reflex
Relaxation of skeletal muscle
Analgesia
An ideal GA should be able to:
Induce smooth loss of consciousness
Has a wide margin of safety
The state of unconsciousness is rapidly reversible when GA is discontinued.
Examples of volatile GAs are
Halothane
Desflurane
Enflurane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
The 4 stages of GA are called
Guedel’s sign
What are the factors that affect uptake and distribution of GA
Solubility of the drug
Concentration of the administered drug
Cardiac output
Alveolar partial pressure
What are the factors that affect uptake and distribution of GA
Solubility of the drug
Concentration of the administered drug
Cardiac output
Alveolar partial pressure
The guedel’s stage are
Analgesia
Delirium or excitement
Surgical anaesthesics
Medullary depression: state of impending death
Stage 1 of GA is characterised by
Analgesia followed by delayed amnesia
Stage 2 of GA is characterised by…..
Delirium
Increased respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure
Progression to stage 3 can be shortened by increasing the conc of analgesic agent
Surgical anaesthesia is characterised by ….
Loss of autonomic reflexes
Relaxation of muscle
Decreased respiratory rate
Apnea - loss of respiratory function
Medullary depression is characterised by …….
Severe depression of vasomotor and respiratory centres
The anesthetic agent preferred in a patient with bronchospasm is ……..
Desflurane
Isoflurane
The not so pungent inhaled anesthetic agents are
Sevoflurane
Halothane
The more the free form after an inhaled anesthesia
………………
The better the anesthesia
What us compound A
It is a nephrotoxic substance generated from the degradation of local anaesthesic by carbon dioxide absorbents in anesthetic machine.
It is a nephrotoxic vinyl ether compound
The inhaled anesthetic agent associated with nephrotoxicity is
Enflurane
Nitrous results in megaloblastic anemia by inhibiting …………
Methionine synthase
What is malignant hyperthermia
It is an inheritable genetic abnormality of the skeletal muscle that occurs a result of exposure to volatile anesthetic agent.
It is a syndrome characterised by
MHT
Muscle rigidity
Metabolic acidosis
Hypercapnia
Hyperthermia
Hyperkalemia
Tachycardia
What is the required treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene for excessive calcium in the skeletal muscle
Measures to reduce the body temperature
Measures to correct electrolyte imbalance
The commonest cause of hepatotoxicity is ………..
Hypovolemic shock
Infection conferred by blood transfusion
Surgical stress
The volatile agent associated with hepatotoxicity is
Halothane
Iv anesthetics are preferred for induction of anesthetics except in ………
Paediatric patients
