General Anaesthesic

Question 1

What is general anaesthesia

Answer 1

It is a Pharmacologically induced state of coma.
It’s a medically induced state that allows a patient to undergo surgery in an unconscious and pain free state

Question 2

GA 5 major effects are

Answer 2

Production of unconscious state
Amnesia
Inhibition of autonomic reflex
Relaxation of skeletal muscle
Analgesia

Question 3

An ideal GA should be able to:

Answer 3

Induce smooth loss of consciousness
Has a wide margin of safety
The state of unconsciousness is rapidly reversible when GA is discontinued.

Question 4

Examples of volatile GAs are

Answer 4

Halothane
Desflurane
Enflurane
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane

Question 5

The 4 stages of GA are called

Answer 5

Guedel’s sign

Question 6

What are the factors that affect uptake and distribution of GA

Answer 6

Solubility of the drug
Concentration of the administered drug
Cardiac output
Alveolar partial pressure

Question 7

What are the factors that affect uptake and distribution of GA

Answer 7

Solubility of the drug
Concentration of the administered drug
Cardiac output
Alveolar partial pressure

Question 8

The guedel’s stage are

Answer 8

Analgesia
Delirium or excitement
Surgical anaesthesics
Medullary depression: state of impending death

Question 9

Stage 1 of GA is characterised by

Answer 9

Analgesia followed by delayed amnesia

Question 10

Stage 2 of GA is characterised by…..

Answer 10

Delirium
Increased respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure
Progression to stage 3 can be shortened by increasing the conc of analgesic agent

Question 11

Surgical anaesthesia is characterised by ….

Answer 11

Loss of autonomic reflexes
Relaxation of muscle
Decreased respiratory rate
Apnea - loss of respiratory function

Question 12

Medullary depression is characterised by …….

Answer 12

Severe depression of vasomotor and respiratory centres

Question 13

The anesthetic agent preferred in a patient with bronchospasm is ……..

Answer 13

Desflurane
Isoflurane

Question 14

The not so pungent inhaled anesthetic agents are

Answer 14

Sevoflurane
Halothane

Question 15

The more the free form after an inhaled anesthesia
………………

Answer 15

The better the anesthesia

Question 16

What us compound A

Answer 16

It is a nephrotoxic substance generated from the degradation of local anaesthesic by carbon dioxide absorbents in anesthetic machine.

It is a nephrotoxic vinyl ether compound

Question 17

The inhaled anesthetic agent associated with nephrotoxicity is

Answer 17

Enflurane

Question 18

Nitrous results in megaloblastic anemia by inhibiting …………

Answer 18

Methionine synthase

Question 19

What is malignant hyperthermia

Answer 19

It is an inheritable genetic abnormality of the skeletal muscle that occurs a result of exposure to volatile anesthetic agent.

It is a syndrome characterised by
MHT
Muscle rigidity
Metabolic acidosis
Hypercapnia
Hyperthermia
Hyperkalemia
Tachycardia

Question 20

What is the required treatment for malignant hyperthermia

Answer 20

Dantrolene for excessive calcium in the skeletal muscle
Measures to reduce the body temperature
Measures to correct electrolyte imbalance

Question 21

The commonest cause of hepatotoxicity is ………..

Answer 21

Hypovolemic shock
Infection conferred by blood transfusion
Surgical stress

Question 22

The volatile agent associated with hepatotoxicity is

Answer 22

Halothane

Question 23

Iv anesthetics are preferred for induction of anesthetics except in ………

Answer 23

Paediatric patients