Principles of Breeding and Fertility Flashcards

Question

What is the timing of insemination/mating in the bitch?

Answer 1

Bitches are a problem! Mono-oestrus Oestrus very variable / very poorly indicate time of ovulation Thus oestrus detection – poor tool for planning mating

Answer 2

vaginal cytology and/or plasma progesterone measurement

Answer 3

``` Swelling of vulva, mucous discharge Chin pressing Reduced milk yield Brawling, restless Mounts other cows Stands to be mounted Bloody discharge occurs after the end of oestrus. ```

Answer 4

Examine cows >4 times per day Detection aids e.g. Kamars, pedometers, Estrotect, GPS, electronic noses?? Van Eerdenburg’s scoring

Answer 5

Low plasma/milk progesterone Detection of a large follicle (in absence of CL) Other methods include: crystallisation patterns in the vaginal mucus, a fall in body temperature prior to oestrus and a reduction in vaginal pH

Answer 6

``` Hard, non-supportive floor is best Concrete reduces oestrous behaviour by up to 50% especially when wet and slippery High environmental temperature Overcrowding Recent mixing / stress Lameness FEEDING ```

Answer 7

Only important when AI regimes. Vasectomised ram with raddle. Synchronisation protocols. Low plasma progesterone.

Answer 8

Vulval swollen and congested prior to oestrus Seeks the boar Stands firmly to be mounted (the back pressure test; very reliable) Stands for a smelly old boar that produces lots of saliva ``` Other signs: Restlessness with repetitive grunts Pacing and searching Lowered feed intake and loss of appetite Red, swollen vulva Male-like sexual behaviour Increase in vaginal mucus Response to boar pheromones ```

Answer 9

Vulva: Oedema / mucoid discharge Elevated tail and lean her hindquarters towards the stallion “winking” (repeated exposure of clitoris) Induces “flehmen” response in stallion Commonly, daily teasing is performed

Answer 10

Detection of a large follicle (>20mm) in absence of a CL - by palpation or u/s Demonstration of follicle size, follicle wall thickening, follicle softening on u/s exam.

Answer 11

Very long (classically 9 days) Bitch is attractive but not allow mating Vulval swelling Presence of a serosanguinous discharge

Answer 12

Standing to be mated Deviation of tail Discharge becomes paler in colour Reduction in vulval oedema

Answer 13

Assessment of vaginal epithelial cells Assessment of vulval softening Examination of the appearance of the vaginal wall Plasma progesterone concentrations (detecting a rise in progesterone that precedes ovulation)

Answer 14

Increased vocalisation, rubbing and rolling Increased activity and will seek tom Possible slight mucoid vulval discharge

Answer 15

Copulation results in a neuro-endocrine response resulting in LH release and then ovulation. The presence of an antral follicle and increased oestrogen is still a prerequiste for LH release and ovulation.

Answer 16

Cat, rabbit, ferret, mink, camelids

Answer 17

Cat, rabbit, ferret, mink, camelids

Answer 18

1) Stimulation development of antral follicles and selection of dominant/ ovulatory follicles. 2) Get an increase in oestradiol which leads to decreased FSH resulting in degeneration of subordinate follicles Also get an increase in inhibin.

Answer 19

Non pregnant: Uterine PGF2a resulting in luteolysis, decreased progesterone, increased oestradiol from ovulatory follicle and an LH surge

Answer 20

Gestation Lactation/ presence of offspring - foal shy Seasonality Stress (metabolic and heat) Ovarian pathologies (cystic ovarian disorders, inactive ovarian activity) Monoestrus breeders (bitches)

Answer 21

Ovulation with limited signs of oestrus

Answer 22

Often at first oestrus after seasonal anoestrus/parturition

Answer 23

No progesterone priming No progesterone fall No sudden release of oestrogen or LH suppression