Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REPRO2 > Fertility Monitoring > Flashcards

Fertility Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

How does monitoring fertility increase profitability?

A

Detects problems early
Minimises loses
More time to put things right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the fertility outcome for dairy cows?

A

Calve each cow as close to once a year as possible with minimum culling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the fertility outcome for beef/sheep?

A

Target calves/lambs per dam per year in tight breeding season with minimum culling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the fertility outcome for pigs?

A

Maximise piglets weaned per sow per year with min culling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the gestation period for a sow?

A

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the objective for breeding units in pig herd?

A

Maximise piglets weaned/sow/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the target litters/slow/year?

A

> 2.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What affects litters/sow/year and thus needs to be monitored?

A

Return to cyclicity
Detecting heats
Returns to service
Abortions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What affects the piglets/litter and thus needs to be monitored?

A

Number born live
Number born dead
Number ‘mummified’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the target for piglets/litter?

A

> 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the target for pre-weaning mortality?

A

<10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is sheep fertility seasonal or non seasonal?

A

Seasonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you calculate lambing %age

A

(Lambs born alive/ ewes put to ram) x100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the target for lambing %age

A

120-200% (lowland>upland>hill)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you calculate weaning %age

A

(lambs weaned/ ewes put to ram) x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the target for length of lambing period?

A

95% should be pregnant within 2 cycles (i.e 35 day period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you calculate the %age of barren ewes?

A

(1-(ewes lambing/ ewes put to ram)) x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the target for barren ewes %age

A

<2-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What aids can be used to monitor a season’s performance in sheep?

A

Raddle- identifies ewes returning to serve and those not served

Scanning- identifies empty ewes at the end of the breeding season and estimates lambing %age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are common problems with sheep fertility?

A

Nutrition (Energy/ micronutrient) and ram factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the major objectives for beef cattle calving?

A
  1. One calf per cow per year
  2. 90% herd should calve within 9wk period, with 65% in first 3w
  3. <5% barren/empty cows
22
Q

What is the centralised record keeping system in cattle called?

A

Cattle Traching Scheme

23
Q

How are beef cattle bred?

A

Vast majority of herds run bull(s) with cows.
No need for stock people to detect oestrus.
Usually no recording of serves/heats

24
Q

When do beef cattle have a PD session?

A

After end of breeding season (+/- at/during)

25
Q

What goes wrong in beef cattle breeding?

A

Post partum anoestrus (really common,unlike sheep)

Low pregnancy/conception rate (can take lots of serves before gets pregnant)

26
Q

What are common causes of poor performance?

A

Nutrition (energy/ micronutrient), dystocia and bull factors

27
Q

How long approximately is the voluntary wait period in dairy cattle?

A

45days

28
Q

What is the calving interval/index?

A

Time from one calving to another

29
Q

What does the first service submission rate tell us?

A

Whether cows are getting their first serve on time, i.e. if heat is being detected.

30
Q

What is the target for first service submission rate?

A

80%

31
Q

What is the inter-service interval?

A

How many days there is in between first service and success

32
Q

What is the target for inter-service intervals

A

Hoping for most of cows to fall in the 18-24d category

33
Q

What does an inter-service interval of 0-17 tell you?

A

Short return

Inaccurate heat detection (or fol. cyst)

34
Q

What does an inter-service interval of 18-24d tell you?

A

Normal return

Correct oestrus detection

35
Q

What does an inter-service interval of 25-35 tell you?

A

Abnormal return

Inaccurate heat detection or LED

36
Q

What does an inter-service interval of 36-48d tell you?

A

Return after missed heat

37
Q

What does an inter-service interval of more than 48 days tell you?

A

Multiple missed heats

Fetal death

38
Q

What can affect heat expression?

A 
Lameness
Environment
Nutrition
Use of bull
Genetics
39
Q

What affects the detection of heat?

A 
Time observing
Timing of observation
Training
Use of bull 
technology 
Heat detection aids
40
Q

How do you monitor pregnancy rate in cattle?

A

Ideally via PD but can also use non-return to serve or next calving

41
Q

What is the target for pregnancy/conception rate?

A

> 35-40%

42
Q

What can affects pregnancy rate target?

A

Milk yield, lower targets for higher yielding herds.

43
Q

What 4 factors can affect pregnancy rate?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. AI related
  3. Disease
  4. Bull
44
Q

What nutritional factors affect pregnancy rate?

A

Energy balance
Micronutrients
SARA
Excess protein?

45
Q

What AI factors affect pregnancy rate?

A 
Technique
Semen quality
Semen storage 
Thawing &amp; handling 
Timing of AI
46
Q

What diseases can affect pregnancy rate?

A

Lameness
Herd level infectious diseases (IBR/BVD/lepto)
Uterine bacterial diseases
Venereal (e.g. campylobacter)

47
Q

What bull factors can affect pregnancy rate

A

True infetility
Lameness
Lack of libido

48
Q

What is the target for return to service submission rates?

A

About 60%

49
Q

What is the normal rate of abortions?

A

5% or below

50
Q

What is the target for incidence of endometritis?

A

Between 0.1 and 0.2 cases/cow/year

REPRO2 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions