Prevention & Consultation

Question 1

Caplan Model of Prevention

Answer 1

Primary
(reduce number of cases/ aimed at entire population)

Secondary
(reduce prevalence/ early detection/ specific population)

Territory
(reduce severity/ reduce duration / those with a diagnosis)

Question 2

Gordon’s Model of Prevention

Answer 2

Universal
(aimed at entire population)

Selective
(people identified as being at risk)

Indicated
(people known to be at high risk or have early signs)

Question 3

client-centered consultation

Answer 3

therapist seeking consultation on a client and how to proceed with treatment.

Question 4

Consultee- centered consultation

Answer 4

therapist is seeking consultation regarding their characteristics/ abilities in treating a client or clients.

Question 5

Program-centered Administrative consultation

Answer 5

organization seeks consultation to help with concerns related to their specific program.

Question 6

Consultee- centered administrative consultation

Answer 6

Organization leader is seeking consultation to work on leadership skills or other factors related to training/ employment, etc.

Question 7

Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC)

Answer 7

*integrative healthcare

• partnership between care team and patient
  -occurs most in Primary Care

3 Functions:
-improvement of care
-improvement of health outcomes
-decrease health cost

Question 8

IPC research with older adults

Answer 8

-improved access to care
-increased satisfaction
-fewer emergency visits
-fewer hospitalizations
-fewer long-term care

Question 9

Efficacy research & effectiveness research

Answer 9

Efficacy
-maximize internal validity
-cause and effect of treatment

Effectiveness
-maximize external validity
-ability to generalize conclusions

1. First conduct an efficacy study (determine the internal validity of the treatment in a controlled setting)
2. Then conduct a effectiveness study of the treatment in the real-world.

Question 10

Smith, Glass & Miller - outcome from meta analysis

Answer 10

-Average patient was better off than 80% of those not in treatment.

**Effect size = .85

Question 11

Howard’s - Phase Model

Answer 11

1- Initial- remoralization (outcome is increased hope)
2- Remediation (decreases symptoms)
3- Rehabilitation (unlearning behaviors, new ways to deal with sx).

Question 12

Big 5 & Therapy alliance

Answer 12

Conscientiousness and openness to new experiences = stronger relationships with the therapist and better prognosis.

Question 13

Race - outpatient services -highest attendance

Answer 13

1. Multiracial
2. White
3. NA

Question 14

Race - outpatient services -lowest attendance

Answer 14

Asian

Question 15

Race-inpatient services- highest attendance

Answer 15

1. NA
2. Black/ or multiracial

Question 16

Race-inpatient services- lowest attendance

Answer 16

Asian

Question 17

Cost benefit analysis

Answer 17

compare cost of multiple treatments - monetary cost

Question 18

Cost effectiveness analysis

Answer 18

compare cost of multiple treatments - non-monetary cost

Question 19

Cost utility analysis

Answer 19

compare multiple tx based off of quality-adjusted-life-years

Question 20

WEIRD

Answer 20

W- western
E- educated
I- industrial
R- rich
D- democratic

*overly used populations in research
*limited generalizability

Question 21

Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM)

Answer 21

-Feedback informed treatment/ measured based care

*transtheoretical/ transdiagnositic

4 components
-assessment (typically before every session)
-review of assessment
-patient review data
-collaborative reevaluation of tx plan

*increases rates of significant improvement
*decreases rates of premature termination
*most effective for those at risk for tx failure

Question 22

Benefits of Transdiagnostic Treatments

Answer 22

-Reduces the time and cost for training
-Equal or superior to other tx
-Seen as more beneficial for treating comorbidity

*As effective as other therapy for treating anxiety and superior for treating depression.

Question 23

Stepped Care

Answer 23

2 fundamental features
-treatment should be the least restrictive of those available but likely to provide care.

-increase efficiency and the accessibility of effective treatment.

Model for Depression

1. Assessment & monitoring
2. Intervention requiring minimal practitioner involvement (bibliotherapy, computer treatment)
3. Intervention requiring more practitioner involvement
   (individual therapy, group therapy and medication)
4. Most restrictive and intensive form of care.
   (inpatient care)

Question 24

Digital Mental Health Interventions

Answer 24

Can have similar outcomes to face-to-face psychotherapy.

Inconsistency in research on effects may be due to multiple factors such as guidance on how to use the device.

Question 25

The Health Belief Model

Answer 25

identifies the following factors as contributors to the likelihood that a person will engage in behaviors that reduce the risk for developing a disorder: 1. perceived SUSCEPTIBILITY to the disorder 2. perceived severity of the CONSEQUENCES of having the disorder. 3. perceived BENEFIT of taking ACTION 4. perceived BARRIERS to taking action 5. SELF-EFFICACY , and CUES TO ACTION

Question 26

Based on a review of psychotherapy outcome studies, Hans Eysenck (1952) concluded that

Answer 26

72% of patients with neuroses can be expected to experience spontaneous recovery without treatment.

Question 27

Gender and seeking therapy

Answer 27

Women are more likely to seek therapy and medication management.

Question 28

Age and seeking therapy

Answer 28

People 18 to 24 y.o. are the most likely to be in therapy and taking medications.

Question 29

Psychological intervention and medical cost

Answer 29

Psychotherapy reduces medical utilization and creates a 90% medical cost offset.

Question 30

Alpha bias in research

Answer 30

exaggerated differences between men and women

Question 31

Beta bias in research

Answer 31

ignoring small differences between men and women