Disorders - Neurotransmitters & Brain regions

Question 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 1

-serotonin (low in brain, high in blood)
-dopamine
-glutamate
-acetycholine

-cerebellum
-amygdala
-corpus collosum

• excellerated brain growth from 6m to 3y.

Question 2

AD/HD

Answer 2

-dopamine
-serotonin
-norepinephrine

-basal ganglia
-amygdala
-hippocampus

-smaller brain areas (basal ganglia, amygdala and hippocampus)

-delayed prefrontal development

-hypoactitivity of frontal parietal cortex

Question 3

Tourette’s

Answer 3

-dopamine (high)

-basal ganglia

-small caudate nucleus

Question 4

Schizophrenia

Answer 4

-dopamine (high)
-serotonin (high in blood)
-glutamate

Disfunction of Temporal- limbic frontal network.

Question 5

Bipolar

Answer 5

-norepinephrine
-serotonin
-dopamine
-glutamate

-prefrontal cortex
-amygdala
-hippocampus
-basal ganglia

Question 6

MDD

Answer 6

-dopamine
-serotonin
-norepinephrine

-HPA axis
-prefrontal cortex
-hippocampus
-amygdala
-basal ganglia
-thalamus

-hyperactivity of ventromedial prefrontal cortex

-hypoactivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question 7

GAD

Answer 7

-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
-anterior cingulate gyrus
-posterior cingulate gyrus
-amygdala
-hippocampus

-Reduced connection in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala.

Question 8

OCD

Answer 8

-serotonin (low)

-caudate nucleus
-cingulate gyrus
-thalamus
-orbidofrontal prefrontal cortex

Question 9

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 9

-serotonin (high)

Question 10

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 10

-serotonin (low)

Question 11

Conduct Disorder

Answer 11

-serotonin (low)
-dopamine (low)
-cortisol

-high cortisol at night

-No increase heart rate or cortisol levels when presented with fear stimuli.

Question 12

Alzheimer’s

Answer 12

-acetylcholine (low)
-glutamate (high)

-temporal lobe
-amygdala
-hippocampus
-locus coeruleus

-amyloid plaques
-nerofibrillary tangles
-Starts in temporal lob and spreads
to others.

Question 13

Parkinson’s

Answer 13

-dopamine (low)***
-norepinephrine (low)
-glutamate (high)

-substantia nigra*
-basal ganglia

Question 14

Huntington’s

Answer 14

-GABA (low)
-glutamate (high)

-basal ganglia

Question 15

PTSD

Answer 15

-GABA (low)
-Serotonin (low)
-Dopamine (high)
-Norepinephrine (high)
-Glutamate (high)

-Decrease activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
-Increase activity in the amygdala (reduced top-down control)