I.O. - Change / Stress

Question 1

Lewinson’s - Model of Planned Change

Answer 1

1. Unfreeze
   -identify obstacles to change
2. Change
   -apply changes to move organization to new state of equilibrium
3. Refreeze
   -integrating the desired change into organizational values an prevent regression

Question 2

Compressed work week

Answer 2

-positive effects on job satisfaction
-positive but weak effects on job productivity

Question 3

Flextime

Answer 3

-reduces absenteeism
-weak effect in self-rated job performance

Question 4

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Answer 4

1. Quality Circles (QC)
   -small groups of employees who identify problems related to work quality
2. Benchmarking
   -identifying ways for improving organizational processes, productivity and quality
3. Six Sigma
   -training for employees and managers in statistical analysis, project management and problem solving skills.

Question 5

Appreciative Inquiry

Answer 5

*positive psychology / social construct
-identify best aspects of organization

4D
-discovery
-dream
-design
delivery/destiny

Question 6

Job satisfaction & time

Answer 6

stable across time and positions

Question 7

Job satisfaction is linked to

Answer 7

-self-esteem
-affective disposition
-genetic predispositions (30% of variance)

Question 8

Colquitt- Organizational Justice & Job satisfaction

Answer 8

1. Procedural Justice
   -fairness of the procedures used to determine outcomes
2. Distribution Justice
   -fairness of the distribution of resources and other outcomes
3. Interactional Justice
   -fairness of the way the outcomes are communicated to workers.
   1. Interpersonal (how people are treated/act)
   2. Informational (how info is explained)

*All positively associated with job satisfaction

Question 9

Job satisfaction & health

Answer 9

linked to both physical and psychological health
*link to psychological health is greater

Question 10

Job satisfaction & performance, attendance, turnover

Answer 10

Low correlation to all 3

Question 11

Job satisfaction & performance

Answer 11

relationship increased when payment increases or other reinforcement is used.

Question 12

Organizational Commitment

Answer 12

1. Affective
   -emotional attachment
2. Continuance
   -financial reasons or lack of other options
3. Normative
   -sense of obligation

*Commitment & satisfaction coefficients are larger than commitment & performance.

Question 13

3 burnout characteristics

Answer 13

1. Depersonalization
2. Exhaustion
3. Cynicism

*early sign of burnout is increase time at work with no increase in productivity

Question 14

Resistance to stress

Answer 14

-hardiness
-organizational based self-esteem
-type A personality

Question 15

Cummings and Worley’s- General Model of Planned Change

Answer 15

distinguishes between the following phases:

1. entering and contracting
   (clarifying the organization’s problems, determining the relevant clients)
2. diagnosing
   (identifying the causes and consequences of the organization’s problems and best practices.)
3. planning and implementing change
   (fostering clients’ readiness for change and overcoming any resistance to change.)
4. evaluating and institutionalizing change
   (specifying how the OD practitioner and client(s) will work together)