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EPPP > Multicultural > Flashcards

Multicultural Flashcards

1
Q

ICIR

A

-in control of own outcomes
-responsible for own success/failures

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2
Q

ICER

A

-determines own outcomes
-others are responsible from keeping them from doing so.

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3
Q

ECER

A

-little or no control over outcomes
-have no responsibility over themselves

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4
Q

ECIR

A

-little control over outcomes
-take responsibility for failures

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5
Q

What LC & LR are seen most in American culture

A

ICIR

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6
Q

Most challenging client for a White therapist (worldview)

A

ICER

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7
Q

Acculturation

A

1.Integration
2.Assimilation
3.Separation
4. Marginilization

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8
Q

Healthy Cultural Paranoia

A

1.Functional paranoia (pathological)
2. Cultural paranoia (due to racism)

*Race of therapist is most important when the client has both functional and cultural paranoia (prefer Black therapist)

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9
Q

Racial Microaggressions

A

Microassaults (explicit racism)
Microinsults (verbal or nonverbal - assumptions)
Microinvalidation (negate thoughts, feelings or POC)

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10
Q

Tight vs. Loose Cultures

A

Tight
-strong social norms
-low tolerance for deviant behavior
*citizens are more likely to conform and want stability
**higher conscientiousness and lower openness to new experiences

Loose
-weak social norms
-high tolerance for deviant behavior
citizens are more likely to engage in deviant behavior and are more open to change.
**lower conscientiousness and higher openness to new experiences

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11
Q

High vs. Low Context Communication

A

High
-group understanding
-nonverbal messages
-knowledge is situational
-similar to minority groups

Low
-verbal messages
-independent of the context
-characteristics of White population

*When client is high communication and therapist is Low, there becomes issues in treatment.

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12
Q

Minority stress theory

A

Sexual minorities

proximal
-stress with in the person

distal
-stress external to the person

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13
Q

Recent disclosure of sexuality, lesbian vs. gay men

A

Lesbian = decrease in depression and anxiety

Gay men = increase in depression and anxiety

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14
Q

Racial-Cultural Identity Development Model

A

Atkinson et al.,

  1. Conformity
    (neutral or negative view of minorities)
  2. Dissonance
    (questions attitudes towards minorities)
  3. Resistance & Immersion
    (negative attitudes towards majority and positive towards own)
  4. Introspection
    (questions alliance to own group)
  5. Integrated awareness
    (aware of positive and negative of all groups)
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15
Q

Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

Cross,

  1. Pre-encounter
    (idealize White culture)
  2. Encounter
    (Question White & Black culture/ aware of racisms effects on their lives)
  3. Emersion/Immersion
    (Reject White Culture, and engage in Black culture )
  4. Internalization
    (defensiveness to race decreases/ internalized Black identity/ activism/ )
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16
Q

Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity

A

Seller et al.,

  1. Racial salience (specific time and situation)
  2. Racial Centrality (placed importance of race)
  3. Racial Regard (private - positive or negative & public- belief of how others view Blacks)
  4. Racial Ideology (Belief of how Blacks should live in society).
17
Q

White Racial Identity Development Model

A

Helms

  1. Contact
    (lack of awareness of racism/ “Colorblind” )
  2. Disintegration
    (Aware of racial dilemma / confusion & anxiety / overly identify with minority group)
  3. Reintegration
    (attempt to resolve stage 2 dilemma / believe whites are victims)
  4. Pseudo independence
    (superficial tolerance for minorities / faced with events that cause questioning around White & minority groups)
  5. Emerson/Immersion
    (What does it mean to be White? search for personal mean of racism)
  6. Autonomy
    (non-racist White identity)
18
Q

Homosexuality Development

A

Troiden

  1. Sensitization (feeling different from same sex
    peers)
  2. Identity Confusion (suspect they are gay)
  3. Identity Assumption (acceptance of identity)
  4. Identity Commitment (internalized identity)
19
Q

Multidimensional Model of Heterosexual Identity Development

A

Worthington et al.,

  1. Unexplored Commitment (micro& macroscial acceptance of sexual behavior)
  2. Active exploration (experimentation)
  3. Diffusion (absent around all exploration)
  4. Deepening & Commitment (commitment to sexual needs)
  5. Synthesis (integration of sexual identity)
20
Q

Cultural socialization vs. preparation for biases (effects on black identity)

A

cultural socialization has been more consistently linked to the development of a positive ethnic identity than preparation for bias has.

21
Q

Etic

A

belief that behaviors is similar across cultures

22
Q

emic

A

belief that behaviors are affected by culture and symptoms are not universal.

23
Q

Autoplastic

A

change in the client to adapt to environment to change behavior.

24
Q

Alloplastic

A

change in the environment to fit the clients needs.

25
Q

Culture Encapsulation

A

inability for therapist to work effectively with other ethnic/ cultural backgrounds.

*insensitive to cultural differences
*takes etic view

26
Q

Credibility & gift giving

A

*Asian and non-western clients

Credibility:
-trustworthiness
-Ascribed status - age, gender, etc.
-Achieve status - education

Gift giving
-providing reassurance
-normalizing
-treatment that reduces symptoms

*direct benefit should be given as soon as possible to establish credibility and reduce premature termination.

27
Q

African American Clients

A

Keep in mind:
-cultural paranoia
-experience with racism

Presenting problem:
-include nuclear and extended family
-roles are flexible (male and female) - egalitarian
-Empower the client by problem solving skills

Interventions:
-egalitarian relationship
-time-limited
-problem-solving
-use multisystems approach (ecological)

28
Q

Native American Clients

A

Keep in mind:
-adherence to collateral family system (tribe)
-cooperation, sharing, generosity are important
-interest of tribe take priority

Wellness= healthy mind-body-spirit
Illness = disharmony (mind-body-spirit)

*more emphasis on non-verbal communication
*listening is viewed as more important
*direct eye contact = disrespect
*firm handshake = aggression

Interventions:
-collaborative-client centered approach
-Network therapy

29
Q

Hispanic clients

A

*Psychological symptoms often seen as somatic complaints.

Keep in mind:
-religious beliefs
-emphasizes family over self
*Patriarchal (male dominant culture)

Intervention:
-adopt a formal style (Formalismo) for first session
-Use a personal style (Personismo) for later sessions
*CBT
*Solution Focused
*Family therapy
*Group therapy
**Quento-therapy (use of folk-tails)

30
Q

Asian clients

A

Holistic view = mind and body
*Psychological symptoms often seen as somatic complaints.

Keep in mind:
-Families are hierarchical (Patriarchal)
-adherence to traditional gender roles
-emphasizes family needs over self
-Shame = powerful motivator
-silences and avoiding eye contact is seen as respectful

Intervention:
-Maintain formal style throughout therapy
*CBT
*Solution focused and brief
*Focus on family
*Expect therapist to give resultions

31
Q

Sexual minorities and mental illness

A

Minorities are 2x more likely to have a diagnosis

*Bisexual individuals are seen to be most effected

32
Q

Sexual minorities and seeking therapy

A

Gay men more likely than lesbian women to seek therapy.

Bisexual men and women seek therapy equally

33
Q

(Research study) Sexual identity milestones in gay men

A

Milestones:
1.awareness
2.identified
3. sexual experience
4. disclosure to friend
5. disclosure to family

Cohorts (18 -25 y.o.) (34 - 41 y.o.) & (52- 59 y.o.)

*Younger cohorts experiences milestone earlier in life.
18-25 y.o. experienced the milestones earlier than 34 - 41 and 52 - 59, this continued through the cohorts as 34 - 41 experienced milestones earlier in life compared to 52 - 59 y.o.

34
Q

Sexual milestones & mental health

A

Overall the greater extend of disclosure of sexuality the greater self-esteem and lower anxiety.

35
Q

Age, Gender and sexual milestones

A

-Boys typically have first sexual experience with same sex partner before girls.
-Boys and girls disclose around the same age.

Average age of acceptance of identity:
Males: 19 - 21 years old
Females: 21 - 23 years old

36
Q

Older Adults & mental illness

A

*Mental illness is lower in adults with the exception of NCD.

Most common:
-Anxiety
-Depression

Depression:
-more likely to complain about physical and cognitive symptoms rather than emotions.
1. fatigue 2. head aches 3. pain 4. impaired memory

Anxiety:
-report similar to depression
1. insomnia 2. irritability 3. weight loss

Treatment:
-psychotherapy is effective
-May respond slower to treatment
-Benefits when treatment is tailored to cognitive, sensory and physical needs.

EPPP (38 decks)

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