Drug side effects Flashcards
Traditional Antipsychotics
- Anticholinergic (DUCT)
- Extrapyramidal (resting tremor, slow movement, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia)
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (muscle rigidity, fever, tachycardia, confusion) * Life threatening
Atypical Antipsychotics
MAAN
M- Metabolic Syndrome
A- Anticholingeric
A- Agranulorcytosis
N- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
*Less likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
SSRI’s
- Mild anticholingeric effects
- Sexual dysfunction
- GI issues
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Discontinue syndrome (head ache, flu like sx, impaired concentration, sleep disturbances)
*Less cardio toxic vs. tricyclics
*Safer for older adults
Serotonin Syndrom
Combine SSRI with tricyclic, MAOI’s or Lithium
STATCH
S-seizures
T-tachycardia
A- agitation
T-tremor
C- confusion/delirium
H-hyperthermia
SNRI
*May be more effective for severe depression
- anticholinergic symptoms
- serotonin syndrome
- sexual dysfunction
- elevated blood pressure
- discontinue syndrome
NDRI
DIS WAAS
D- dizziness
I- insomnia
S - Skin rash
W-weight loss
A- appetite loss
A- agitation
S- seizures
*fewer anticholinergic
*no sexual dysfunction
*not cardio toxic
*Used for those with low energy
Tricyclic’s
-cardio valcular issues
-anticholinergic
-sedation
-weight gain
-sexual dysfunction
*lethal with overdose
MAOI’s
SSHOA
S-sedation
S-sexual dysfunction
H-hypertensive crisis (tyramine)
O-orthostatic hypotension
A-anticholinergic
Benzodiazepine
-drowsiness/sedation
-weakness
-unsteady
-impaired memory
-anticholinergic
-sexual dysfunction
*older adults causes confusion and disorientation
-paradoxical effects (more anxious)
*with blood pressure meds = dangerously low blood pressure.
Barbiturates
-drowsiness
-dizziness
-confusion
-ataxia
-cognitive impairments
-paradoxical effects
Opioids
-dry mouth
-nausea
-pupil constriction
-postural hypotension
-drowsiness
-dizziness
-constipation
-respiratory depression
*overdose causes convulsions, coma or death
Beta blockers
-hypotension
-decrease sex drive
-insomnia
-nausea
-dry eyes
-dizziness
-depression
Lithium
-nausea
-diarrhea
-metalic taste
-increase thirst
-weight gain
-hand tremors
-fatigue
-impaired memory
*lithium toxicity
Anticonvulsants
LAAND
L-lethargy
A- ataxia
A- agranulocytosis
N- nausea
D- dizziness
Psychostimulants
-insomnia
-nervousness
-decreased appetite
-weight loss
-abdominal pain
*stunted growth in children (need holidays)
Anticholinergic Side Effects
Associated with neuroleptics (aka, antipsychotics) anxiolytics (aka benzo and barbits) and antidepressants (aka, SSRI, SNRI, Tricyc & MOAI) *not NDRIs
Acronym is DUCT
D- dry mouth
U -urinary retention
C - constipation
T- tachycardia
Extrapyramidal Side effects
Most associated with traditional antipsychotics
Acronym DAPT
D -Dystonia (muscle contractions)
A -Akathisia (inner restlessness)
P- Parkinsonism (slowness, tremors, muscle stiffness)
T-Tardive Dyskinesia (most common in women and older adults)
*Treatment includes gradually going off and using a anxiolytic to help with sedation or switching to a atypical antipsychotic
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
*Life threatening
Think of “Oh Fac!”
Acronym FAC
F-ferver
A- autonomic arousal (tachycardia)
C- cognitive impairments (confusion)
*treatment is to immediately stop use and to seek medical care.
Metabolic Syndrome
Most associated with Atypical Antipsychotics
Acronym WHHID
W-weight gain
H- hypoglycemia
H-high blood pressure
I- increased risk for heart disease
D- diabetes
