Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

make their own energy

A

autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

heterotrophs

A

get energy from other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chloroplasts are found where?

A

mesophyll of leafs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define mesophyll

A

interior tissue of leafs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thylakoids are found where?

A

inside the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thylakoids do what?

A

help capture sunlight for plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called _____.

A

grana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Region of fluid filled space outside the thylakoids is the ______.

A

stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define pigment

A

substances that absorb visible light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chlorophyll transmitts _____ light, absorbs all others

A

green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

There are other pigments such as __________ _ and _________ present in plants.

A

Chlorophyll B; carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Device that measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths of light

A

Spectrophotometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do spectrophotometers work?

A

sends light through pigments and measures amount of light transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

A

absorption spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll suggests that what type of light work best for photosynthesis?

A

violet-blue and red light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tells you which wavelength of light actually drives photosynthesis the best

A

action spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who made an action spectrum using algae and bacteria?

A

Engelmann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do chloroplasts do with light?

A

use light photons to help take electrons from water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do the electrons taken from water go?

A

The electrons are then added to CO2 to make glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Photosynthesis is a _____ process in which H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

A

Redox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

To gain electrons

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

to lose elctrons

A

oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Light reaction requires _______.

A

sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Light reaction happens where?

A

In thylakoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In light reaction, what happens to water?
Water is oxidized
26
Light reaction produces ______ & ___.
NADPH; ATP
27
The _________ ___________ contain photosystems.
thylakoid membranes
28
Describe photosystem
pigment molecules attached to proteins that funnels light energy into a reaction center where electrons are transferred
29
The proteins that photosystems are attached to are what?
light harvesting complex
30
In photosystems, what happens with light? (Light Reaction)
Light comes in; electrons come out.
31
First step in photosystem II (Light Reaction)
Light first enters photosystem II
32
What happens when light enters photosystem II? (Light Reaction)
The light excites chlorophyll molecules, who excite other chlorophyll molecules by passing on photons.
33
What happens meanwhile light is entering photosystem II? (Light Reaction)
Water is split into hydrogen and oxygen by enzymes
34
What happens to the oxygen and hydrogen when the water is split? (Light Reaction)
The oxygen is released as waste. The hydrogen is kept.
35
P680 is named so why?
it prefers 680nm light
36
What is P680?
a special chlorophyll molecule in photosystem II that takes electrons from the hydrogen that came from the split water
37
Where do the photons being passed by the chlorophyll go? (Light Reaction)
They get sent to P680
38
What happens to P680 when it receives photons? (Light Reaction)
P680 gets so exited that it loses the electrons it received | from water.
39
Describe Primary Electron Acceptor (Light Reaction)
a molecule in the reaction center that | receives electrons from P680.
40
Describe linear flow (Light Reaction)
The primary electron acceptor sends the electrons down the electron transport chain (ETC) to Photosystem I
41
During linear flow movement of the electrons is used for what? (Light Reaction)
to make ATP
42
As electrons move, what happens? (ATP Production)
they cause the Hydrogens (protons) from water to move out of the membrane into the thylakoid space.
43
As hydrogens build up in the thylakoid space, what happens? (ATP Production)
they are forced back through the membrane through ATP synthase into the stroma.
44
enzyme that makes ATP as hydrogens pass through
ATP synthase
45
Where does PI get its electrons? (Light Reaction)
from the ETC
46
____ in photosystem I is going to receive electrons coming from the ETC (Light Reaction)
P700
47
What does light do in PI? (Light Reaction)
Light excites chlorophyll molecules in PI who excite other chlorophyll molecules by passing on photons
48
What happens when photons are sent to P700? (Light Reaction)
P700 who gets so excited that it loses the electrons it got from the ETC.
49
Describe cyclic flow (Light Reaction)
The primary acceptor can then send the electrons back to the top of the ETC so they call come down again and make more ATP
50
The _______ _______ _________ receives the electrons from P700 (Light Reaction)
primary electron acceptor
51
The primary acceptor in PI can also send the electrons to an electron carrier called _____ (Light Reaction)
NADP+
52
How is NADPH created from NADP+? (Light Reaction)
Once NADP+ gets electrons to carry (gets reduced) it becomes NADPH
53
The NADPH will take electrons to the stroma to do what? (Light Reaction)
begin the second cycle
54
___ will also go to the stroma to help start the second cycle. (Light Reaction)
ATP
55
The synthesis part is photosynthesis is called?
Calvin cycle
56
What is another name for the Calvin cycle?
Light-Independent reaction
57
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
In stroma
58
Calvin cycle does what with CO2?
reduces CO2
59
Calvin cycle needs what two key molecules made in Light Reaction?
NADPH; ATP
60
Calvin cycle produces what?
glucose
61
What is the process called of incorporating Carbon dioxide (Calvin cycle Phase 1)?
carbon fixation
62
The 5 carbon sugar in Phase 1-Step 1 of Calvin cycle is called what
RuBP
63
Calvin cycle Phase 1-Step 1
An enzyme adds one CO2 to RuBP to make a 6 carbon sugar. (this happens three times)
64
enzyme adds one CO2 to RuBP to make a 6 carbon sugar is called
rubisco
65
Calvin cycle Phase 1-Step 2
The 6 carbon sugar then splits into two 3 carbon molecules
66
What is Phase 2 of Calvin cycle
Reduction
67
Calvin cycle Phase 2-Step 1
ATP is used to add a phosphate to the 3 carbon molecules (makes the molecule unstable)
68
Calvin cycle Phase 2-Step 2
NADPH then reduces the 3 carbon molecule, replacing the newly added phosphate with electrons
69
3 carbon molecule is now called ___. (Calvin Cycle Phase 2-Step 2)
G3P
70
What is Phase 3 of Calvin Cycle?
Regeneration
71
What is the point of regeneration of Phase 3?
replacing RuBP
72
Calvin Cycle Phase 3-Step 1
1 Molecule of G3P is sent out to make glucose
73
_ G3P’s make _ glucose
2 G3P’s make 1 glucose
74
Calvin Cycle Phase 3-Step 2
5 Molecules of G3P are used to make 3 RuBP. This starts over the Calvin Cycle
75
Describe C3 Plants
initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a three-carbon compound
76
Most plants are what type?
C3
77
What do C3 plants do on hot, dry days
plants close stomata, which conserves H2O but also limits intake of CO2
78
What do C4 plants do on hot, dry days
counteract hot dry days by fixing CO2 into four-carbon compounds in mesophyll cells.
79
C4 requires the enzyme ___ _________ because it can fix CO2 even when there isn’t much of it.
It requires the enzyme PEP carboxylase because it can fix CO2 even when there isn’t much of it.
80
C4-The four-carbon compounds are send to ______-______ ____, where they release CO2 that is then used in the Calvin cycle
bundle-sheath cells
81
Goal of C4 plants
Increases CO2 for the calvin cycle when stomata are closed to save water
82
CAM plants do what?
Cam plants use CAM to fix CO2 into 4 carbon molecules
83
CAM plants open their stomata when?
at night
84
Main process of CAM plants
Stomata close during the day, and CO2 is released from the 4 carbon molecules and used in the Calvin cycle

AP Biology (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions