Nervous System Structures Flashcards
Describe the spinal cord
Connects the brain and body. Also controls reflexes independently of the brain.
Describe the brain in embryos
Embryros contain a forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain that differentiate into the major brain parts.
The brain stem is also called what?
mid brain
What does the brain stem control
homeostasis, movement and conduction of information
The brain stem is has what three parts?
Medulla oblongata ,Pons, reticular formation
What does the Pons do?
Transfers info from the PNS to the brain.
What does the Medulla oblongata
coordinates large scale movements (running)per instruction from the upper regions and controls autonomic functions
What is the reticular formation
a network of neurons that filters information before it gets to the brain
What does the reticular formation determine?
whether or not you pay attention to incoming data
____ is also controlled by the brain stem which is believed to help process learning and memory.
Sleep
Cerebellum is also called what?
hindbrain
What does the cerebellum do?
controls movements and balance. Helps learn motor skills
The cerebellum checks motor commands from the _______. This is helps with what?
cerebrum; hand eye coordination
The cerebellum receives _______ and _____ input.
hearing; visual
The diencephalon is also called what?
forebrain
The epithalamus is also called what?
pineal gland
The diencephalon contains what parts?
epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
What does the thalamus do?
stores all information from the senses before sending them the cerebrum
What does the epithalamus control?
rhythms (sleep)
What does the hypothalamus control?
body temp
Describe the cerebrum
main center of information processing
What is the cerebral cortex
outer layer of gray matter
What do somatosensory organs control?
pain, pressure, temp, muscles
The _______ _____ receives information from the somatosensory.
cerebral cortex
The left and right __________ each controls the opposite side of the body.
hemispheres
The hemispheres are connected by an axon known as what?
corpus callosum
The differences in the left and right is known as what?
Lateralization
The left hemisphere is better at what?
math and logic
The right hemisphere is better at what?
better at recognition, patterns, and nonverbal thinking (creativity)
The Cerebral Cortex is separated into four lobes. What are they?
Frontal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe
What ability of the brain to change is called what?
Neural plasticity
_________ can be strengthened or weakened by frequency of use which leads to ________.
Synapses; memories
The sense receptors that control pressure, touch, sound is called what?
mechanoreceptors
The sense receptors that control taste, smell, solute concentration is called what?
chemoreceptors
The sense receptors that control light, electricity, magnetism concentration is called what?
electromagnetic receptors
The sense receptors that detect hot and cold is called what?
thermoreceptors
The sense receptors that detect harmful conditions and solicits a reaction to minimize damage
pain receptors
Sound waves travel in the ear and vibrates the ______ ______ which vibrates a bone called a ______.
tympanic membrane; stapes
The stapes causes fluid in the _______ _____ to vibrate thus moving hairs in there.
cochlear duct
The hairs sends signals to ________ ______.
auditory nerves
Fluid in ____________ ____ move hairs in response to gravity or out head tilting for equilibrium
semicircular canal
How the taste occurs?
when a receptor protein binds to a molecule and begin a transduction pathway that stimulates a taste nerve
What is the olfactory
is all nerve cells that bind to a molecule and sends signals directly to the brain. (linning of the nose, mucus needed). causes smell
Light comes in the ______.
cornea
The ___ can dilate the _____ to control the amount of light that hits the flexible lens of your eye.
iris; pupil
The retina contains __________ that detect color in ______. and black and white in ____.
photoreceptors; cones; rods
The _____ ______ carries visual input to the brain.
optic nerve
