Immune System (Reversed)

Question 1

pre-programmed defense responses

Answer 1

Define innate immunity

Question 2

-Skin and mucus-Oil, sweat (low skin pH)

Answer 2

List the barrier defenses

Question 3

macrophages, interferons, inflammatory response, mast cells, natural killer cells

Answer 3

List the types of internal Defense

Question 4

engulf pathogens

Answer 4

What do macrophages do?

Question 5

proteins secreted by infected cells that signal neighboring cells to defend themselves.

Answer 5

What are interferons?

Question 6

pain and swelling that occur upon injury or infection

Answer 6

Describe inflammatory response

Question 7

histamines

Answer 7

Mast cells hold ________.

Question 8

cause blood vessels to dilate, bringing extra blood which causes swelling in the tissues

Answer 8

What do histamines do?

Question 9

phagocytes to come and help deal with the infection

Answer 9

Swelling in the tissues attracts what to do what?

Question 10

destroy infected or cancerous cells

Answer 10

What do natural killer cells do?

Question 11

a defense response that is enhanced by previous exposure to the pathogen

Answer 11

Define acquired immunity

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

White blood cells are also called what?

Question 13

bone marrow

Answer 13

B – cells mature where?

Question 14

thymus

Answer 14

T- cells mature where?

Question 15

infection; job

Answer 15

White blood cells fight _______, but each has a specific ___.

Question 16

antigen, antigen receptors, antibody / immunoglobulin, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Answer 16

List the factors of recognition

Question 17

a foreign molecule that is recognized and gets a response from lymphocytes

Answer 17

Describe antigen

Question 18

lymphocytes

Answer 18

Antigen receptors are found on _________.

Question 19

epitopes

Answer 19

Antigen receptors recognize the __________ of antigens.

Question 20

a soluble form of the antigen receptor that can be secreted by the B-cell

Answer 20

What is antibody / immunoglobulin (Ig)?

Question 21

an infected cell protein that displays a fragment of the antigen for white blood cells to recognize.

Answer 21

What is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 22

found in most cells, and calls cytotoxic T-cells that use toxins to kill the infected cell

Answer 22

Describe MHC Class 1

Question 23

found in dendritic cells and macrophages, which are called antigen presenting cells. They use Class II MHC’s to call helper T- cells that assist other lymphocytes.

Answer 23

Describe MHC Class 2

Question 24

cloning of lymphocytes in response to a binding an antigen

Answer 24

Describe clonal section

Question 25

effector; memory cells

Answer 25

When exposed to an antigen a B or T cell will divide rapidly making _______ cells to attack and _______ \_\_\_\_to store incase of future invasion.

Question 26

primary immune response

Answer 26

The clonal selection is the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Question 27

about 10 to 17 days after infection

Answer 27

The Primary Immune Response peaks when?

Question 28

upon another exposure to the same antigen, the reserved memory cells are called upon in greater numbers

Answer 28

Describe Secondary Immunne Response

Question 29

response peaks 2-7 days after exposure and last longer

Answer 29

Secondary Immune Response peaks when?

Question 30

secrete antibodies to bind to antigens in the blood or lymph

Answer 30

What do B cells do?

Question 31

secrete proteins that kill infected cells

Answer 31

What do Cytotoxic T-cells do?

Question 32

T- cells; MHC molecules

Answer 32

Cytotoxic T-cells must be signaled by helper ______ and/ or ___ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Question 33

antigen presenting cells (class II MHC)

Answer 33

What are Helper T cells activated by?

Question 34

release cytokines

Answer 34

What do Helper T cells do?

Question 35

call upon B and T cells to act

Answer 35

What do cytokines do?

Question 36

clonal selection of B cells. Usually fights pathogens not in cells yet

Answer 36

Describe humoral response

Question 37

the antibodies secreted can neutralize pathogens or make them targets for phagocytes

Answer 37

What is the main purpose of humoral response?

Question 38

cytotoxic T-cells destroy infected cells

Answer 38

Describe cell mediated response

Question 39

B-Cell and T-Cell

Answer 39

Helper T-Cells can call for what cells to act?

Question 40

secondary

Answer 40

Active immunity is _________ response.

Question 41

antibodies passive from mother to fetus can cause a secondary like response the first time a fetus is exposed to infection

Answer 41

Describe passive immunity

Question 42

Passed across the placenta(IgG) and breast milk (igA)

Answer 42

What passes down passive immunity?

Question 43

introducing an antigen into the body to elicit clonal selection

Answer 43

Describe vaccination

Question 44

exaggerated responses to antigens. Can trigger mast cell to elicit a an inflammatory response

Answer 44

Describe allergies

Question 45

Autoimmune disease

Answer 45

Sometimes the immune system turns against certain molecules naturally in the body. This is known as what?

Question 46

DNA histones in breaking down cells

Answer 46

Lupus is against what?

Question 47

cartilage

Answer 47

Rheumatoid Arthritis is against what?