Organic Molecules

Question 1

Describe vitalism

Answer 1

organic molecules can only be made by living organisms

Question 2

Describe mechanism

Answer 2

the view that organic molecules can be created through physical and chemical means

Question 3

4 reasons why carbon is great for organic molecules

Answer 3

• 4 valence electrons, can form 4 bonds
• can link together in chains, branches, or rings
• can form single, double, or triple bonds
• bonds with a variety of elements

Question 4

Define Isomers

Answer 4

compounds with the same molecular formula but different shapes

Question 5

Define Structural isomers

Answer 5

have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 6

Define Geometric isomers

Answer 6

have the same covalent arrangements but their functional groups are in different locations

Question 7

Define Enantiomers

Answer 7

isomers that are mirror images of each other

Question 8

Hydroxyl: Name of compound

Answer 8

Alcohols

Question 9

Example of hydroxyl

Answer 9

ethanol

Question 10

Carbonyl: Name of compound

Answer 10

Ketones if within carbon skeleton

Aldehydes if end of carbon skeleton

Question 11

Example of ketone

Answer 11

acetone

Question 12

Example of aldehyde

Answer 12

Propanal

Question 13

Carboxyl: Name of compound

Answer 13

Carboxylic acids

Question 14

Example of Carboxyl

Answer 14

Acetic acid

Question 15

Amino: Name of compound

Answer 15

Amines

Question 16

Example of amino

Answer 16

glycine

Question 17

Sulfhydryl: Name of compound

Answer 17

Thiols

Question 18

Example of Sulfhydryl

Answer 18

Cysteine

Question 19

Phosphate: Name of compound

Answer 19

Organic phosphates

Question 20

Example of phosphate

Answer 20

Glycerol phosphate

Question 21

Methyl: Name of compound

Answer 21

Methlyated compounds

Question 22

Example of methyl

Answer 22

5-methyl cytidine

Question 23

How does carbon electrons explain the ability to form large, complex, diverse organic molecules?

Answer 23

The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalent compatibility with many different elements
The valences of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) are the “building code” that governs the architecture of living molecules

Question 24

Describe how carbon skeletons may vary and explain how this variation contributes to the diversity and complexity of organic molecules

Answer 24

Carbon chains form the skeletons of most organic molecules

Carbon chains vary in length and shape

Question 25

Explain how ATP functions as the primary energy transfer molecule in living cells

Answer 25

ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups. When ATP loses a phosphate, this releases energy and the ATP becomes ADP