Animal Behavior

Question 1

What is ethology?

Answer 1

Study of how animals behave

Question 2

Ethology serves to answers what 4 questions?

Answer 2

1. What stimulus elicits a behavior and what physiological mechanisms mediate a response?
2. How does the animals experiences during development influence the response?
3. How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction?
4. What is the behaviors evolutionary basis?

Question 3

The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis of behavior is called?

Answer 3

Behavioral Ecology

Question 4

Proximate cause focuses on what?

Answer 4

immediate causality (how it happens)

Question 5

Ultimate cause focuses on what?

Answer 5

the bigger picture (why it is evolutionarily beneficial)

Question 6

Define kinesis

Answer 6

change in activity due to a stimulus

Question 7

Define taxis

Answer 7

orientation towards or away from a stimulus

Question 8

Define migration

Answer 8

a long distance change of locations done at regular intervals

Question 9

Migration is usually stimulated by _________ ______.

Answer 9

seasonal changes

Question 10

Animals who migrate use what for navigation?

Answer 10

the sun, north star, or the earth magnetic field

Question 11

What are circadian rhythms?

Answer 11

daily cycles (rest, eating, etc), usually regulated by light and dark

Question 12

What are circannual rhythms?

Answer 12

yearly cycles usually linked to seasons

Question 13

Where is cortisol released?

Answer 13

the adrenal gland

Question 14

List ways animals use signaling

Answer 14

visually, chemical, or auditory

Question 15

Define innate behaviors

Answer 15

fixed behaviors that all the animals in a population are born with (instinct)

Question 16

Define fixed action pattern

Answer 16

a sequence of innate behaviors initiated bya stimulus.

Question 17

Define habituation

Answer 17

a reduction or loss of reaction to a stimuli

Question 18

Define imprinting

Answer 18

a life long reaction or bond to an object or individual created at a young age

Question 19

Define spatial learning

Answer 19

able to remember the structures in an environment (using landmarks)

Question 20

Define cognitive maps

Answer 20

a memorized mental representation (map) of an environment

Question 21

Define associative learning

Answer 21

the ability to connect two environmental factors as being related (color and taste)

Question 22

What are the two types of associative learning?

Answer 22

classical and operant learning

Question 23

Define classical conditioning

Answer 23

a stimulus elicits a response

Question 24

Desribe Povlov’s dog

Answer 24

ringing a dinner bell before dinner causes the dog to salivate without food being present

Question 25

Define operant conditioning

Answer 25

an animal connects his behavior with a good or bad response (trial and error)

Question 26

Define cognition

Answer 26

the ability to think, reason and process information

Question 27

Define foraging

Answer 27

activities and strategies an animal uses for survival

Question 28

optimal foraging model

Answer 28

benefits should outweigh costs

Question 29

What is fight or flight

Answer 29

The decision to fight or run is also measured by risk and reward (benefits should out weight costs)

Question 30

Define promiscuous

Answer 30

no mating bonds (one night stands)

Question 31

Define monogamous

Answer 31

strong bond forms one male one female for a long period (relationship goals)

Question 32

Define polygamous

Answer 32

one sex mates with others (open marriage)

Question 33

Define polygyny

Answer 33

the males mate with many females (f—boy)

Question 34

Define polyandry

Answer 34

the females mate with many males (thots)

Question 35

Define antagonistic behavior

Answer 35

Competition to gain access to a resource

Question 36

Define game theory

Answer 36

Evaluates the success of strategies used when the strategies depend on other strategies (paper, rock, scissors.)

Question 37

Give an example of the game theory

Answer 37

Orange aggressive, blue small territory, yellow sneaky

Question 38

Define altruism

Answer 38

animals reduces their individual fitness to increase the population fitness (one for all)

Question 39

Define inclusive fitness

Answer 39

total of an individual getting their genes into the next generation through their own offspring or a relatives offspring

Question 40

Define kin selection

Answer 40

selection favors altruism

Question 41

Define social learning

Answer 41

an individual learns by copying the behavior of a more experienced individual

Question 42

Social learning breeds ______.

Answer 42

culture

Question 43

Social learning passed down what to future generations?

Answer 43

behavior to increase fitness

Question 44

Define mate choice copying

Answer 44

females choose mates that other females find attractive [):]