Endocrine System

Question 1

Define hormone

Answer 1

a molecule that is released to flow through blood or lymph to send a signal

Question 2

Signals that act over short distances are called what?

Answer 2

local regulators

Question 3

Target cells that are near signaling cells are called what?

Answer 3

paracrine

Question 4

Hormone that act on the cell that released it are called what?

Answer 4

autocrine

Question 5

Nerve cells that release hormones onto target cells are called what?

Answer 5

synaptic signaling

Question 6

Nerve cells that release hormones into the bloodstream to target cells are called what?

Answer 6

neuroendocrine signaling

Question 7

Hormones that are released outside the body are called what?

Answer 7

pheromones

Question 8

____ ______ ________ deliver signals outside the cell.

Answer 8

Water soluble hormones

Question 9

_____ _______ hormones can get through the plasma membrane and go into cells

Answer 9

Lipid soluble

Question 10

Water soluble hormones follow what pathway?

Answer 10

Signal transduction pathway

Question 11

Lipid soluble hormones are transferred how?

Answer 11

form a hormone receptor complex that go directly to the nucleus

Question 12

Gene expression usually involved ______ _______ hormones.

Answer 12

lipid soluble

Question 13

________ is released when a person is stressed.

Answer 13

Epinephrine

Question 14

How does Epinephrine work?

Answer 14

-Causes glycogen to break down when stressed-Causes muscle blood vessels to dilate -Causes intestinal blood vessels to constrict

Question 15

A response reduces the initial stimulus. This is called what?

Answer 15

negative feedback

Question 16

Pairs of hormones often help maintain homeostasis. These are called what?

Answer 16

Antagonistic Hormone Pairs

Question 17

Blood glucose level is usually _______.

Answer 17

90mg/100ml

Question 18

Insulin and glucagon is released by what organ?

Answer 18

pancreas

Question 19

When blood glucose level rises, _____ is released.

Answer 19

insulin

Question 20

When blood glucose level falls, _______ is released.

Answer 20

glucagon

Question 21

When blood sugar stays too high, this causes what?

Answer 21

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 22

What causes blood sugar to stay too high

Answer 22

Deficiency of insulin or less response of target cells

Question 23

Describe Type I diabetes

Answer 23

autoimmune disease, beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. Develops during childhood and daily insulin is given

Question 24

Describe Type II diabetes

Answer 24

target cells stop responding normally to insulin. Being overweight and lack of exercise increase the risk. Diet and exercise can usually control this. (top ten causes of death in the U.S.)

Question 25

What does the Hypothalamus do?

Answer 25

Controls pituitary glands and other glands through cascade that ways

Question 26

The Hypothalamus helps helps link the _______ and ________ ______.

Answer 26

endocrine; nervous system

Question 27

This gland controls water balance in kidneys and uterus contraction in females. What is is called?

Answer 27

posterior pituitary

Question 28

This gland controls growth, milk production, gamete production, stimulates thyroid, stimulates adrenal cortex. What is it called?

Answer 28

Anterior pituitary

Question 29

This gland controls metabolism, lowers calcium levels

Answer 29

thyroid

Question 30

This organ lowers and raises blood glucose level.

Answer 30

pancreas

Question 31

This gland controls stress response, raise blood glucose, constrict blood vessels.

Answer 31

Adrenal medulla

Question 32

This gland controls long term stress response, increase blood glucose, blood pressure, and immune suppression

Answer 32

Adrenal Cortex

Question 33

This organ controls perm formation (spermatogenesis), sex characteristics, testosterone (androgen)

Answer 33

testes

Question 34

This organ controls egg formation (oogenesis), female sex characteristics, uterine lining growth, estrogen and progesterone

Answer 34

ovaries

Question 35

This gland regulates body rhythmic cycles (light and dark), like sleep

Answer 35

pineal gland