Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Define hormone

A

a molecule that is released to flow through blood or lymph to send a signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Signals that act over short distances are called what?

A

local regulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Target cells that are near signaling cells are called what?

A

paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormone that act on the cell that released it are called what?

A

autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve cells that release hormones onto target cells are called what?

A

synaptic signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nerve cells that release hormones into the bloodstream to target cells are called what?

A

neuroendocrine signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hormones that are released outside the body are called what?

A

pheromones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ ______ ________ deliver signals outside the cell.

A

Water soluble hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ _______ hormones can get through the plasma membrane and go into cells

A

Lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Water soluble hormones follow what pathway?

A

Signal transduction pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lipid soluble hormones are transferred how?

A

form a hormone receptor complex that go directly to the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gene expression usually involved ______ _______ hormones.

A

lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________ is released when a person is stressed.

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Epinephrine work?

A

-Causes glycogen to break down when stressed-Causes muscle blood vessels to dilate -Causes intestinal blood vessels to constrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A response reduces the initial stimulus. This is called what?

A

negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pairs of hormones often help maintain homeostasis. These are called what?

A

Antagonistic Hormone Pairs

17
Q

Blood glucose level is usually _______.

A

90mg/100ml

18
Q

Insulin and glucagon is released by what organ?

19
Q

When blood glucose level rises, _____ is released.

20
Q

When blood glucose level falls, _______ is released.

21
Q

When blood sugar stays too high, this causes what?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

22
Q

What causes blood sugar to stay too high

A

Deficiency of insulin or less response of target cells

23
Q

Describe Type I diabetes

A

autoimmune disease, beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. Develops during childhood and daily insulin is given

24
Q

Describe Type II diabetes

A

target cells stop responding normally to insulin. Being overweight and lack of exercise increase the risk. Diet and exercise can usually control this. (top ten causes of death in the U.S.)

25
What does the Hypothalamus do?
Controls pituitary glands and other glands through cascade that ways
26
The Hypothalamus helps helps link the _______ and ________ ______.
endocrine; nervous system
27
This gland controls water balance in kidneys and uterus contraction in females. What is is called?
posterior pituitary
28
This gland controls growth, milk production, gamete production, stimulates thyroid, stimulates adrenal cortex. What is it called?
Anterior pituitary
29
This gland controls metabolism, lowers calcium levels
thyroid
30
This organ lowers and raises blood glucose level.
pancreas
31
This gland controls stress response, raise blood glucose, constrict blood vessels.
Adrenal medulla
32
This gland controls long term stress response, increase blood glucose, blood pressure, and immune suppression
Adrenal Cortex
33
This organ controls perm formation (spermatogenesis), sex characteristics, testosterone (androgen)
testes
34
This organ controls egg formation (oogenesis), female sex characteristics, uterine lining growth, estrogen and progesterone
ovaries
35
This gland regulates body rhythmic cycles (light and dark), like sleep
pineal gland