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A&P II > packet 9 > Flashcards

packet 9 Flashcards

1
Q

surfaces are marked by genetically determined glycoproteins & glycolipids
agglutinogens or isoantigens

A

RBC

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2
Q

display only antigen A

A

type A

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3
Q

display only antigen B

A

type B

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4
Q

display both antigens A & B

A

type AB

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5
Q

display neither antigen

A

type O

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6
Q

contains isoantibodies or agglutinins to the A or B antigens not found in your blood

A

plasma

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7
Q

anti-A antibody reacts with

A

antigen A

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8
Q

anti-B antibody reacts with

A

antigen B

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9
Q

People with Rh agglutinogens on RBC surface are

A

Rh+

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10
Q

Antibodies develop only in Rh- blood type & only with exposure to the antigen through

A

transfusion of positive blood

during a pregnancy with a positive blood type fetus

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11
Q

Transfusion reaction upon 2nd exposure to the antigen results in __ of the RBCs in the donated blood

A

hemolysis

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12
Q

People with type __blood called “universal recipients” since have no antibodies in plasma
*only true if cross match the blood for other antigens

A

AB

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13
Q

People with type _ blood cell called “universal donors” since have no antigens on their cells
*theoretically can be given to anyone

A

O

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14
Q 
Stoppage of bleeding in a quick & localized fashion when blood vessels are damaged
Prevents hemorrhage (loss of a large amount of blood)
A

hemostasis

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15
Q

methods used for hemostasis

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting (coagulation = formation of fibrin threads)

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16
Q

Platelets store a lot of chemicals in granules needed for

A

platelet plug formation

17
Q

Steps in the process

of platelet plug formation

A

(1) platelet adhesion (2) platelet release reaction (3) platelet aggregation

18
Q

Platelets stick to exposed collagen underlying damaged endothelial cells in vessel wall

A

platelet adhesion

19
Q

Platelets activated by adhesion
Extend projections to make contact with each other
Release thromboxane & activate other platelets
Thromboxane is also a vasoconstrictor decreasing blood flow through the injured vessel

A

platelet release reaction

20
Q

Activated platelets stick together and activate new platelets to form a mass called a platelet plug
Plug reinforced by fibrin threads formed during clotting process

A

platelet aggregation

21
Q

three pathways of clotting

A
  1. extrinsic pathway
  2. intrinsic pathway
  3. final common pathway
22
Q

Damaged tissues leak tissue factor (thromboplastin) into bloodstream
Prothrombinase forms in seconds
In the presence of Ca+2, clotting factor X combines with V to form prothrombinase

A

extrinsic pathway

23
Q

Activation occurs
endothelium is damaged & platelets come in contact with collagen of blood vessel wall
platelets damaged & release phospholipids
Requires several minutes for reaction to occur
Substances involved: Ca+2 and clotting factors XII, X and V

A

intrinsic pathway

24
Q

Prothrombinase and Ca+2

thrombin

A

final common pathway

25
Q

catalyze the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

Prothrombinase and Ca+2

26
Q

in the presence of Ca+2 converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin threads
activates fibrin stabilizing factor XIII
positive feedback effects of thrombin
accelerates formation of prothrombinase
activates platelets to release phospholipids

A

thrombin

27
Q

fat soluble vitamin absorbed if lipids are present
absorption slowed if bile release is insufficient
Required for synthesis of 4 clotting factors by hepatocytes
factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X
Produced by bacteria in large intestine

A

vitamin K for clotting

28
Q

clot (thrombus) forming in an unbroken blood vessel
forms on rough inner lining of BV
if blood flows too slowly (stasis) allowing clotting factors to build up locally & cause coagulation
may dissolve spontaneously or dislodge & travel

A

thrombosis

29
Q

clot, air bubble or fat from broken bone in the blood

pulmonary embolus is found in lungs

A

embolus

30
Q

types of intravascular clotting

A

thrombosis

embolus

31
Q

Inherited deficiency of clotting factors
bleeding spontaneously or after minor trauma
subcutaneous & intramuscular hemorrhaging
nosebleeds, blood in urine, articular bleeding & pain

A

hemophilia

32
Q

Hemophilia A lacks factor (males only)

A

factor VIII

33
Q

Hemophilia B lacks factor (males only))

A

factor IX

34
Q

less severe because alternate clotting activator exists

males and females

A

hemophilia C

35
Q

treatment for hemphilia

A

transfusions of fresh plasma or concentrates of the missing clotting factor

A&P II (30 decks)

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