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A&P II > Packet 31 > Flashcards

Packet 31 Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads, ducts, sex glands & supporting structures

Semen contains sperm plus glandular secretions

A

Male reproductive system

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2
Q

Sac of loose skin, fascia & smooth muscle divided into two pouches by septum

Skin contains dartos muscle causes wrinkling

Temperature regulation of testes

  • -sperm survival requires 3 degrees lower temperature than core body temperature
  • -cremaster muscle in spermatic cord
A

scrotum

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3
Q

elevates testes on exposure to cold & during arousal (‘shrinkage muscle’)
warmth reverses the process

A

cremaster muscle in spermatic cord

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4
Q

Paired oval glands measuring 2 in. by 1in.

Surrounded by dense white capsule

A

testes

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5
Q

the testes are surrounded by dense white capsule called __

–septa form 200 - 300 compartments called lobules

A

tunica albuginea

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6
Q

lobules in testes are filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules where __ are formed

A

sperm

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7
Q

Descent of testes

A

Develop near kidney on posterior abdominal wall

Descends into scrotum by passing through inguinal canal

  • -during 7th month of fetal development
  • -Guevedoches in D.R.
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8
Q

Testes do not descend into the scrotum
–3% of full-term & 30% of premature infants
–Descend spontaneously 80% of time during the first year of life
surgical treatment necessary before 18 months

A

Cryptorchidism

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9
Q

Untreated bilateral cryptorchidism results in

A

sterility & a greater risk of testicular cancer

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10
Q

all stages of sperm development: spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa
supporting cells called sertoli cells
Leydig cells

A

seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

__ in between tubules secrete testosterone

A

leydig cells

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12
Q

extend from basement membrane to lumen

  • -form blood-testis barrier
  • support developing sperm cells
  • produce fluid & control release of sperm into lumen
  • secrete inhibin which slows sperm production by inhibiting FSH
A

sertoli cells

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13
Q

Testosterone & DHT bind to receptors in cell nucleus & change genetic activity
Prenatal effect is born a male
At puberty, final development of 2nd sex characteristics and adult reproductive system
sexual behavior & libido
male metabolism (bone & muscle mass heavier)
deepening of the voice

A

hormonal effects of testosterone

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14
Q

On Test

how does testosterone effect development

A

testosterone organizes reproductive system before birth and at puberty testosterone activates development of sexual behavior, male metabolism, voice deepening.

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15
Q

Secondary spermatocytes are formed

4 spermatids are formed

A

spermatogenesis

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16
Q

23 chromosomes of which each is 2 chromatids joined by centromere

A

Secondary spermatocytes

17
Q

each is haploid & unique
all 4 remain in contact with cytoplasmic bridge
accounts for synchronized release of sperm that are 50% X chromosome & 50% Y chromosome

A

4 spermatids

18
Q

maturation of spermatids into sperm cells

A

Spermiogenesis

19
Q

release of a sperm cell from a sertoli (sustentacular) cell

A

Spermiation

20
Q

Hormonal control of spermatogenesis

A

Puberty
LH
FSH

21
Q

hypothalamus increases its stimulation of anterior pituitary with releasing hormones
anterior pituitary increases secretion LH & FSH

A

puberty

22
Q

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

A

LH

23
Q

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

an enzyme in prostate & seminal vesicles converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT-more potent)

A

LH

24
Q

stimulates spermatogenesis
–with testosterone, stimulates sertoli cells to secrete androgen-binding protein (keeps hormones levels high)
testosterone stimulates final steps spermatogenesis

A

FSH

25
Q 
Male sterilization
Vas deferens cut & tied off
Sperm production continues
Sperm degenerate
100% effective
40% reversible
A

vasectomy

26
Q

Formed from duct of seminal vesicle & ampulla of vas deferens
About 1 inch long
Adds fluid to prostatic urethra just before ejaculation

A

ejaculatory ducts

27
Q

Ejaculatory ducts are made of

A

ampulla of ductus defrens and seminal vesicle

28
Q

Passageway for urine & semen
Prostatic urethra (1 inch long)
Membranous urethra (passes through UG diaphragm )
Penile (spongy) urethra (through corpus spongiosum)

A

urethra

29
Q

Pair of pouchlike organs found posterior to the base of bladder
Alkaline, viscous fluid (seminal fluid)

A

seminal vesicles

30
Q

functions of seminal vesicles and their alkaline, viscous fluid

A

neutralizes vaginal acid & male urethra

fructose for ATP production

prostaglandins stimulate sperm motility & viability

clotting proteins for coagulation of semen

31
Q

Single organ the size of chestnut found inferior to bladder
Many duct openings
Enlarges with age
secretes milky fluid

A

prostate gland

32
Q

function of prostate gland

A

increases sperm motility and viability

-citric acid for ATP production & enzymes for seminal liquefaction

33
Q

Paired, pea-sized gland within the UG diaphragm

A

Bulbourethral or Cowper’s Gland

34
Q

function of Bulbourethral or Cowper’s Gland

A

Secretes alkaline mucous into spongy urethra

-Neutralizes acids and lubricates

35
Q

Mixture of sperm & seminal fluid

A

semen

36
Q

semen contains

A

nutrients, clotting proteins & antibiotic seminalplasmin

37
Q

Typical ejaculate is 2.5 to 5 ml in volume
Normal sperm count is 50 to 150 million/ml
actions of many are needed for one to enter
Coagulates within 5 minutes – reliquefies in 15 due to enzymes produced by the prostate gland
Semen analysis—-bad news if show lack of forward motility, low count or abnormal shapes

A

semen

A&P II (30 decks)

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