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A&P II > packet 15 > Flashcards

packet 15 Flashcards

1
Q

covers lungs — parietal pleura lines ribcage & covers upper surface of diaphragm

A

visceral pluera

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2
Q

potential space between ribs & lungs

A

pleural cavity

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3
Q

Base, apex (cupula), costal surface, cardiac notch
Oblique & horizontal fissure in right lung results in 3 lobes
Oblique fissure only in left lung produces 2 lobes

A

lungs (anatomy)

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4
Q

Blood vessels & airways enter lungs at hilus
Forms root of lungs
Covered with pleura (parietal becomes visceral

A

Mediastinal Surface of Lungs

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5
Q

Branchings of single arteriole, venule & bronchiole are wrapped by elastic CT
Respiratory bronchiole
simple squamous
Alveolar ducts surrounded by alveolar sacs & alveoli
sac is 2 or more alveoli sharing a common opening

A

lobule of lung

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6
Q

cell types of alveoli

A

type I alveolar
type II alveloar
alveolar dust cells

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7
Q

simple squamous cells where gas exchange occurs

A

type I alveolar

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8
Q

free surface has microvilli

secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant

A

type II alveolar

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9
Q

wandering macrophages remove debris

A

alveolar dust

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10
Q 
Respiratory membrane = 1/2 micron thick
Exchange of gas from alveoli to blood
4 Layers of membrane to cross
alveolar epithelial wall of type I cells
alveolar epithelial basement membrane
capillary basement membrane
endothelial cells of capillary
Vast surface area = handball court
A

Alveolar-Capillary Membrane

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11
Q

Air moves into lungs when pressure inside lungs is less than atmospheric pressure
How is this accomplished?
Air moves out of the lungs when pressure inside lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure
How is this accomplished?
Atmospheric pressure = 1 atm or 760mm Hg

A

Breathing or Pulmonary Ventilation

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12
Q

As the size of closed container decreases, pressure inside is increased
The molecules have less wall area to strike so the pressure on each inch of area increases.

A

boyle’s law

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13
Q

Diaphragm moves 1 cm & ribs lifted by muscles

Intrathoracic pressure falls and 2-3 liters inhaled

A

quiet inspiration

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14
Q

Passive process with no muscle action
Elastic recoil & surface tension in alveoli pulls inward
Alveolar pressure increases & air is pushed out

A

quiet expiration

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15
Q

abdominal mm force diaphragm up

internal intercostals depress ribs

A

forced expiration

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16
Q

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes & pectoralis minor lift chest upwards as you gasp for air

A

forced inspiration

17
Q

labored breathing

A

forced expiration and forced inspiration

18
Q

Alveolar pressure decreases & air rushes in

Alveolar pressure increases & air rushes out

A

breathing

19
Q

Thin layer of fluid in alveoli causes inwardly directed force = surface tension
water molecules strongly attracted to each other
Causes alveoli to remain as small as possible
However, there is an ‘optimum’ for surface tension
Detergent-like substance called surfactant produced by Type II alveolar cells
lowers alveolar surface tension
insufficient in premature babies so that alveoli collapse at end of each exhalation

A

alveolar surface tension

20
Q

Pleural cavities are sealed cavities not open to the outside
Injuries to the chest wall that let air enter the intrapleural space
causes a pneumothorax
collapsed lung on same side as injury
surface tension and recoil of elastic fibers causes the lung to collapse

A

pneumothorax

21
Q

Ease with which lungs & chest wall expand depends upon elasticity of lungs & surface tension
Some diseases reduce compliance
tuberculosis forms scar tissue
pulmonary edema — fluid in lungs & reduced surfactant
paralysis

A

compliance of the lungs

22
Q 
Resistance to airflow depends upon airway size
increase size of chest
airways increase in diameter
contract smooth muscles in airways
decreases in diameter
A

airway resistance

23
Q

connective tissue that hold arteries, veins, bronchi, that enter
provide roots and passageway for movement of vessels

A

hilus

24
Q

exchange gas into respiratory system

A

alveolar sucts

25
Q

remove things from surface of alveolai

A

surfactant

26
Q

happens by diaphram movement

low pressure to high pressure

A

atmoshperic pressure

27
Q

ON TEST

basic role of pressure in breathing

A
  1. breath in to creat a pressure gradient to increase atmosphere, decrease in lungs
  2. breath out opposite, constrict to increase pressure in chest and force air out
28
Q

can’t breath because air coming in is the same pressure as air going out
–no pressure gradient

A

pneumothorax

A&P II (30 decks)

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