packet 8

Question 1

lymphatic system includes

Answer 1

organs, vessels, and lymph

Question 2

Organs involved in lymph system

Answer 2

red bone marrow
thymus
spleen
lymph nodes
lymphatic tissue

Question 3

Capillaries that begin asclosed-ended tubes foundin spaces between cells
Combine to form lymphaticvessels
resemble veins with thinwalls & more valves
Fluid flows through lymph nodes towards large veins above the heart
lymph emptied into bloodstream

Answer 3

lymphatic vessels and circulation

Question 4

Found throughout thebody except in Avascular tissue (cartilage, epidermis& cornea)
Structure is designed to lettissue fluid in but not out
anchoring filaments keep tubefrom collapsing under outside pressure
overlapping endothelial cells open when tissue pressure is high (one-way valve)

Answer 4

lymphatic capillaries

Question 5

Vessels unite to form trunks & thoracic ducts
Right side head, arm & chest empty into right lymphatic duct and rest of body empties into thoracic duct
Lymph is dumped directly into left & right subclavian veins

Answer 5

Lymph Trunks & Ducts

Question 6

Fluid & proteins escaping from vascular capillaries is collected by lymphatic capillaries & returned to the blood
Respiratory & muscular pumps promote flow of lymphatic fluid
Lymphatic vessels empty into subclavian veins

Answer 6

formation and flow of lymph

Question 7

Draining excess interstitial fluid & plasma proteins from tissue spaces
Transporting dietary lipids & vitamins from GI tract to the blood
Facilitating immune responses
recognize microbes or abnormal cells & responding by killing them directly or secreting antibodies that cause their destruction

Answer 7

functions of lymphatic system

Question 8

provide environment for stem cells to divide & mature into B and T lymphocytes
red bone marrow gives rise to mature B cells
thymus is site where pre-T cells from red marrow mature

Answer 8

primary lymphatic organs

Question 9

site where most immune responses occur

lymph nodes, spleen & lymphatic nodules

Answer 9

Secondary lymphatic organs & tissues

Question 10

tightly packed lymphocytes &macrophages

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

reticular epithelial cells produces thymic hormones

Hassall’s corpuscles

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

Large organ in infants (70 g) but atrophied as adult (3 g)
2 lobed organ located in mediastinum
Capsule & trabeculae divideit into lobules
Each lobule has cortex &medulla
Cortex
medulla

Answer 12

thymus gland

Question 13

Flow is in one direction
afferent vessels lead in
sinuses lead to efferent vessels that exit at hilus
Only nodes filter lymph

Answer 13

lymph nodes

Question 14

Parenchyma is divided into 2 regions:

Answer 14

cortex and medulla

Question 15

lymphatic nodules with germinal centers containing dendritic cells
antigen-presenting cells and macrophages
B cells proliferate into antibody-secreting plasma cells

Answer 15

cortex

Question 16

contains B cells & plasma cells in medullary cords

Answer 16

medulla

Question 17

Bean-shaped organs, up to 1 inch long, located along lymphatic vessels
scattered throughout body but concentrated near mammary glands, axillae & groin
Stroma is capsule, trabeculae & reticular fibers
Parenchyma

Answer 17

lymph nodes

Question 18

Characteristic of malignant tumors
Spread of disease from one organ to another
cancer cells travel via blood or lymphatic system
cells establish new tumors where lodge
Secondary tumor sites can be predicted by direction of lymphatic flow from primary site
Cancerous lymph nodes are firm, enlarged and nontender – infected lymph nodes are not firm and are very tender

Answer 18

Metastasis Through Lymphatic System

Question 19

Concentrations of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule scattered throughout connective tissue of mucous membranes
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Peyer’s patches in the ileum of the small intestine
Appendix
Tonsils form ring at top of throat
adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil)
palatine tonsils (on each side wall)
lingual tonsil in the back of the tongue

Answer 19

lymphatic nodules

Question 20

venous sinuses filled with blood & splenic tissue (splenic cords

Answer 20

red pulp

Question 21

lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes & macrophages) around branches of splenic artery

Answer 21

white pulp

Question 22

Parenchyma consists of

Answer 22

white pulp and red pulp

Question 23

5 inch organ between stomach & diaphragm
Hilus contains blood & lymphatic vessels
Stroma consists of capsule, trabeculae, fibers & fibroblasts
Parenchyma

Answer 23

spleen

Question 24

connective tissue that hold vessels in place and hold small organs in place

Answer 24

hilus