packet 14

Question 1

cells use o2and release co2
designed for gas exchange
transport gas in blood
failure= cell death from o2 starvation

Answer 1

respiratory system

Question 2

Nose
Pharynx = throat
Larynx = voicebox
Trachea = windpipe
Bronchi = airways
Lungs

Answer 2

respiratory anatomy

Question 3

upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

above vocal cords

Question 4

lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

below vocal cords

Question 5

Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane
Openings called external nares or nostrils

Answer 5

external nasal structure

Question 6

adipose tissue in external nasal is used for

Answer 6

insillation

Question 7

Roof is made up of ethmoid and floor is hard palate
Internal nares (choanae) are openings to pharynx
Nasal septum is composed of bone & cartilage
Bony swelling or conchae on lateral walls

Answer 7

nose-internal structure

Question 8

Olfactory epithelium for sense of smell
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells lines nasal cavity
warms air due to high vascularity
mucous moistens air & traps dust
cilia move mucous towards pharynx
Paranasal sinuses open into nasal cavity
found in ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal & maxillary
lighten skull & resonate voice

Answer 8

function of nasal structures

Question 9

Muscular tube (5 inch long) hanging from skull
skeletal muscle & mucous membrane
Extends from internal nares to cricoid cartilage
Distinct regions – nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Answer 9

pharynx

Question 10

passageway for food and air
resonating chamber for speech production
tonsil (lymphatic tissue) in the walls protects entryway into body

Answer 10

function of pharynx

Question 11

From choanae to soft palate
openings of auditory (Eustachian) tubes from middle ear cavity
adenoids or pharyngeal tonsil in roof
Passageway for air only
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet

Answer 11

nasopharynx

Question 12

From soft palate to epiglottis
fauces is opening from mouth into oropharynx
palatine tonsils found in side walls, lingual tonsil in tongue
Common passageway for food & air
stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 12

oropharynx

Question 13

Extends from epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Common passageway for food & air & ends as esophagus inferiorly
stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 13

laryngopharynx

Question 14

cartilages of larynx

Answer 14

thyroid
epiglottis
cricoid
arytenoid

Question 15

forms Adam’s apple

Answer 15

thyroid

Question 16

leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage
during swallowing, larynx moves upward
epiglottis bends to cover glottis

Answer 16

epiglottis

Question 17

ring of cartilage attached to top of trachea

Answer 17

cricoid

Question 18

sit upon cricoid
many muscles responsible for their movement
partially buried in vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Answer 18

pair of arytenoid

Question 19

Cartilage & connective tissue tube
Anterior to C4 to C6
Constructed of 3 single & 3 paired cartilages

Answer 19

larynx

Question 20

False vocal cords (ventricular folds) found above vocal folds (true vocal cords)
True vocal cords attach to arytenoid cartilages

Answer 20

vocal cords

Question 21

True vocal cord contains both skeletal muscle and an elastic ligament (vocal ligament)
When 10 intrinsic muscles of the larynx contract, move cartilages & stretch vocal cord tight
When air is pushed past tight ligament, sound is produced (the longer & thicker vocal cord in male produces a lower pitch of sound)
The tighter the ligament, the higher the pitch
To increase volume of sound, push air harder

Answer 21

voice production

Question 22

Size is 5 in long & 1in diameter

Extends from larynx to T5 anterior to the esophagus and then splits into bronchi

Answer 22

trachea

Question 23

layers of trachea

Answer 23

mucosa
submucosa
hyaline cartilage
adventitia

Question 24

pseudostratified columnar with cilia & goblet

Answer 24

mucosa

Question 25

loose connective tissue & seromucous glands

Answer 25

submucosa

Question 26

16 to 20 incomplete rings

open side facing esophagus contains trachealis m. (smooth)

Answer 26

hyaline cartilage

Question 27

binds it to other organs

Answer 27

adventitia

Question 28

Full extent of airways is visible starting at the larynx and trachea

Answer 28

trachea and bronchial tree

Question 29

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Hyaline cartilage as C-shaped structure closed by trachealis muscle

Answer 29

histology of trachea

Question 30

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells produce moving mucus.

Answer 30

airway epithelium

Question 31

Reestablishing airflow past an airway obstruction
crushing injury to larynx or chest
swelling that closes airway
vomit or foreign object
Tracheostomy is incision in trachea below cricoid cartilage if larynx is obstructed
Intubation is passing a tube from mouth or nose through larynx and trachea

Answer 31

tracheotomy and intubation