Packet 32 Flashcards
Passageway for semen & urine
Body composed of three erectile tissue masses filled with blood sinuses
Composed of bulb, crura, body & glans penis
Penis
Bulb of penis or base of corpus spongiosum enclosed by
Crura of penis or ends of corpora cavernosa enclosed by
bulbospongiosus muscle
ischiocavernosus muscle
sexual stimulation dilates the arteries supplying the penis
blood enters the penis compressing the veins so that the blood is trapped.
parasympathetic reflex causes erection
Erection
muscle contractions close sphincter at base of bladder and move fluids through ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, & ejaculatory ducts
ischiocavernous & bulbospongiosus complete the job
Ejaculation
Enlarged distal end of corpus spongiosum
External urethral orifice is small slit
Covered by loosely fitting prepuce or foreskin
Glans Penis
Ovaries produce 2nd oocytes & hormones
Uterine tubes transport fertilized ova
Uterus where fetal development occurs
Vagina & external genitalia constitute the vulva
Mammary glands produce milk
Female reproductive system
Pair of organs, size of unshelled almonds found in upper pelvic region
ovary
capsuleof dense connective tissue
tunica albuginea
region just deep totunica, contains follicles
cortex
is deeper regioncomposed of connective tissue, blood vessels & lymphatics
medulla
is simple epithelial covering over the ovary
germinal epithelium
Stages of follicular development
primordial primary secondary graafian ovulation
ovulation wound
fills in with hormone secreting cells
corpus luteum
white scar left after corpus luteum is not needed
corpus albicans
Germ cells from yolk sac migrate to ovary & become oogonia
As a fetus, oogonia divide to produce millions by mitosis but most degenerate (atresia)
Some develop into primary oocytes & stop in prophase stage of meiosis I
200,000 to 2 million present at birth
40,000 remain at puberty but only 400 mature during a woman’s life
Each month, hormones cause meiosis I to resume in several follicles so that meiosis II is reached by ovulation
Penetration by the sperm causes the final stages of meiosis to occur
life history of oogonia
Narrow, 4 inch tube extends from ovary to uterus
infundibulum is open, funnel-shaped portion near the ovary
fimbriae are moving finger-like processes
ampulla is central region of tube
isthmus is narrowest portion joins uterus
uterine or fallopian tube
3 layers of uterine tube
mucosa
muscularis
serosa
ciliated columnar epithelium with secretory cells provide nutrients & cilia move along ovum
mucosa
circular & longitudinal smooth muscle
peristalsis helps move ovum down to the uterus
muscularis
outer serous membrane
serosa
function of uterine tube
fimbriae sweep oocyte into tube,
cilia & peristalsis move it along,
sperm reaches oocyte in ampulla,
fertilization occurs within 24 hours after ovulation &
zygote reaches uterus about 7 days after ovulation
Site of menstruation& development of fetus
Description
3 inches long by 2 in. wide and 1 in. thick
subdivided into fundus,body, isthmus & cervix
interiorly contains uterine cavity accessed by cervical canal (internal & external os)
anatomy of uterus
simple columnar epithelium
stroma of connective tissue and endometrial glands
–stratum functionalis
–stratum basalis
endometrium
shed during menstruation
stratum functionalis
replaces stratum functionalis each month
stratum basalis
3 layers of smooth muscle
myometrium
visceral peritoneum
perimetrium
supply the myometrium
Uterine arteries branch as arcuate arteries and radial arteries
spiral arteries supply the
–their constriction due to hormonal changes starts menstrual cycle
spiral arteries
Passageway for birth, menstrual flow & intercourse
- 4 inch long fibromuscular organ ending at cervix
- lies between urinary bladder and rectum
- orifice partially closed with membrane (hymen)
vagina
stratified squamous epithelium & areolar connective tissue
large stores of glycogen breakdown to produce acidic pH
is smooth muscle allows considerable stretch
loose connective tissue that binds it to other organs
mucosal layer
muscularis layer
adventitia layer
fatty pad over the pubic symphysis
folds of skin encircling vestibule where find urethral and vaginal openings
mons pubis
labia majora and minora
small mass of erectile tissue
masses of erectile tissue just deep to the labia on either side of the vaginal orifice
clitoris
bulb of vestibule
