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A&P II > packet 23 > Flashcards

packet 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra are all part of the

A

urinary system

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2
Q

Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via

A

the urethra

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3
Q

Urine flows from each kidney, down its ureter to the bladder and to the outside via the urethra

Filter the blood and return most of water and solutes to the bloodstream

A

urinary system

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4
Q

Regulation of blood ionic composition
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Cl- and phosphate ions

Regulation of blood pH, osmolarity & glucose

Regulation of blood volume
conserving or eliminating water

Regulation of blood pressure
secreting the enzyme renin
adjusting renal resistance

Release of erythropoietin & calcitriol

Excretion of wastes & foreign substances

A

overview of kidney function

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5
Q

Micro essay

functions of kidneys

A
  1. Regulation of blood ionic composition
  2. Regulation of blood pH, osmolarity & glucose
  3. Regulation of blood volume
  4. Regulation of blood pressure
  5. Release of erythropoietin & calcitriol
  6. Excretion of wastes & foreign substances
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6
Q

4-5 in long, 2-3 in wide,1 in thick
Found just above the waist between the peritoneum & posterior wall of abdomen
retroperitoneal along with adrenal glands & ureters
Protected by 11th & 12th ribs with right kidney lower
kidney bean shaped

A

external anatomy of kidney

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7
Q

Blood vessels & ureter enter hilus of kidney
Renal capsule = transparent membrane maintains organ shape
Adipose capsule that helps protect from trauma
Renal fascia = dense, irregular connective tissue that holds against back body wall

A

external anatomy of kidney

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8
Q

transparent membrane maintains organ shape

A

renal capsule

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9
Q

helps protect from trauma

A

adipose capsule

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10
Q

dense, irregular connective tissue that holds against back body wall

A

renal fascia

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11
Q

parenchyma of kidney and drainage system fills renal sinus cavity

A

internal anatomy of the kidneys

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12
Q

renal cortex = superficial layer of kidney
renal medulla
inner portion consisting of 8-18 cone-shaped renal pyramids separated by renal columns
renal papilla point toward center of kidney

A

parenchyma of kidney

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13
Q

superficial layer of kidney

A

renal cortex

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14
Q

fills renal sinus cavity

cuplike structure (minor calyces) collect urine from the papillary ducts of the papilla

minor & major calyces empty into the renal pelvis which empties into the ureter

A

drainage system

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15
Q

collect urine from the papillary ducts of the papilla

A

calyces

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16
Q

Outline a major calyx & the border between cortex & medulla.

A

internal anatomy of kidney

17
Q

Abundantly supplied with blood vessels
receive 25% of resting cardiac output via renal arteries
Functions of different capillary beds
glomerular capillaries where filtration of blood occurs
vasoconstriction & vasodilation of afferent & efferent arterioles produce large changes in renal filtration
peritubular capillaries that carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate
vasa recta supplies nutrients to medulla without disrupting its osmolarity form
Sympathetic vasomotor nerves regulate blood flow & renal resistance by altering arterioles

A

blood and nerve supply of kidney

18
Q

filtration of blood occurs

vasoconstriction & vasodilation of afferent & efferent arterioles produce large changes in renal filtration

A

glomerular capillaries

19
Q

afferent=

efferent=

A

arrive

leave

20
Q

carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate

A

peritubular capillaries

21
Q

supplies nutrients to medulla without disrupting its osmolarity form

A

vasa recta

22
Q

Functions of different capillary beds

A
  1. glomerular capillaries where filtration of blood occurs
  2. peritubular capillaries that carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate
  3. vasa recta supplies nutrients to medulla without disrupting its osmolarity form
23
Q

Glomerular capillaries are formed between the afferent & efferent arterioles
Efferent arterioles give rise to the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

A

blood vessel around nephron

24
Q

Kidney has over 1 million composed of a corpuscle and tubule
Renal corpuscle
renal tubule
collecting ducts and papillary ducts

A

nephron

25
Q

site of plasma filtration

  • -glomerulus is capillaries where filtration occurs
  • -glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule is double-walled epithelial cup that collects filtrate
A

renal corpuscle

26
Q
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of Henle dips down into medulla
  • distal convoluted tubule
A

renal tubule

27
Q

drain urine to the renal pelvis and ureter

A

collecting ducts and papillary ducts

28
Q

80-85% of nephrons are cortical nephrons

Renal corpuscles are in outer cortex and loops of Henle lie mainly in cortex

A

cortical nephron

29
Q

15-20% of nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons

Renal corpuscles close to medulla and long loops of Henle extend into deepest medulla: excretion of dilute or concentrated urine

A

juxtamedullary nephron

30
Q

Single layer of epithelial cells forms walls of entire tube
Distinctive features due to function of each region
–microvilli
–cuboidal versus simple
–hormone receptors

A

histology of the nephron and collecting duct

31
Q

surrounds capsular space

  • podocytes cover capillaries to form visceral layer
  • simple squamous cells form parietal layer of capsule
A

bowman’s capsule

32
Q

arise from afferent arteriole & form a ball before emptying into efferent arteriole

A

glomerular capillaries

33
Q

Bowman’s capsule surrounds capsular space
–podocytes cover capillaries to form visceral layer
–simple squamous cells form parietal layer of capsule
Glomerular capillaries arise from afferent arteriole & form a ball before emptying into efferent arteriole

A

structure of renal corpuscle

34
Q

Remains constant from birth
any increase in size of kidney is size increase of individual nephrons
If injured, no replacement occurs
Dysfunction is not evident until function declines by 25% of normal (other nephrons handle the extra work)
Removal of one kidney causes enlargement of the remaining until it can filter at 80% of normal rate of 2 kidneys

A

number of nephrons

A&P II (30 decks)

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