packet 12 Flashcards

1
Q

built into cell membrane of all cells except red blood cells

A

MHC-I molecules

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2
Q

function of MHC

A

if cell is infected with virus MHC-I contain bits of virus marking cell so T cells recognize is problem
if antigen presenting cells (macrophages or B cells) ingest foreign proteins, they will display as part of their MHC-II

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3
Q

MHC-II markers seen only on membrane of

A

antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B cells, thymus cells)

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4
Q

bind to antigen in extracellular fluid

A

b cells

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5
Q

can only recognize fragments of antigens that have been processed and presented to them as part of a MHC molecule

A

t cells

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6
Q

“see” antigens if part of MHC-II molecules on surface of antigen presenting cell

A

helper t cells

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7
Q

“see” antigens if part of MHC-I molecules on surface of body cells

A

cytotoxic t cells

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8
Q

Foreign antigen in body fluid is phagocytized by

A

APC (macrophage, B cell, dendritic cell (Langerhans cell in skin)

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9
Q

Antigen is digested and fragments are bound to MHC-II molecules stuck into

A

antigen presenting cell membrane

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10
Q

APC migrates to lymphatic tissue to find

A

t cells

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11
Q

Small protein hormones involved in immune responses are secreted by

A

lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells

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12
Q

alpha-interferon used to treat Kaposi’s sarcoma, genital herpes, hepatitis B and C & some leukemias
beta-interferon used to treat multiple sclerosis
interleukin-2 used to treat cancer (side effects

A

Cytokine therapy uses cytokines (interferon)

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13
Q

Begins with activation of T cell by a specific antigen
Result is T cell capable of an immune attack
elimination of the intruder by a direct attack

A

cell-mediated immunity

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14
Q

Types of Mature T Cells

A

Helper T cells
Cytotoxic (killer) T cells
Memory T cells

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15
Q

Display CD4 on surface so also known as T4 cells or TH cells

Recognize antigen fragments associated with MHC-II molecules & activated by APCs

A

helper t cells

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16
Q

Function is to costimulate all other lymphocytes

secrete cytokines

A

helper t cells

17
Q

function in that it costimulates itself to proliferate and secrete more interleukin (positive feedback effect causes formation of many more helper T cells)

A

autocrine

18
Q

Display CD8 on surface
Known as T8 or Tc or killer T cells
Recognize antigen fragments associated with MHC-I molecules
Costimulation required by cytokine from helper T cell

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

19
Q

T cells from a clone that did not turn into cytotoxic T cells during a cell-mediated response
Available for swift response if a 2nd exposure should occur

A

memory t cells

20
Q

Millions of different B cells that can recognize different antigens and respond
B cells sit still and let antigens be brought to them
stay put in lymph nodes, spleen or peyer’s patches
Once activated, differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies
Antibodies circulate in lymph and blood

A

Antibody-Mediated Immunity

21
Q

B-cells are also drawn to a pathogen by

A

complement proteins

22
Q

Antibodies circulate in lymph and blood

A

combines with epitope on antigen similarly to key fits a specific lock

23
Q

80% of plasma Ab’s, enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes viruses, protects newborn

A

IgG

24
Q

10% of plasma Ab’s, first produced during infection, neutralizes bacteria, agglutinates

A

IgM

25
Q

0.2% of plasma Ab’s, D = Don’t know

A

IgD

26
Q

15% of plasma Ab’s, only mucosal surfaces

A

IgA

27
Q

0.002% of plasma Ab’s, allergic reactions (work with basophils and may fight parasitic worms / activate eosinophils)

A

IgE

28
Q

first exposure to antigenresponse is steady, slow

memory cells may remain fordecades

A

Primary immune response

29
Q

1000’s of memory cells proliferate & differentiate into plasma cells & cytotoxic T cells
antibody titer is measure of memory (amount serum antibody)
recognition & removal occurs so quickly not even sick

A

Secondary immune responsewith 2nd exposure

30
Q

must learn to recognize self (its own MHC molecules ) & lack reactivity to own proteins
self-recognition & immunological tolerance

A

t cells

31
Q

those can’t recognize self or react to it
destroyed by programmed cell death (apoptosis or deletion)
inactivated (anergy) – alive but unresponsive
only 1 in 100 emerges immunocompetent T cell

A

t cells