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Boards pt1 > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

skull ossification

A

7-8wk embryo (1st trimester)

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2
Q

skull sutures

A

coronal (frontal + parietal)
sagittal (2 parietals)
lambdoidal (parietal + occipital)
squamous (temporal + parietal)

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3
Q

cribiform plate (inf.) crista ovale (sup)

A

ethmoid

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4
Q

hard palate, palatine, orbital fissure

A

maxillary

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5
Q

sella turcica, foramen ovale, rotundom, lacerum, spinosum + more

A

sphenoid

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6
Q

sphenoid, frontal, zygomatic, palatine, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillary

A

orbit

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7
Q

what bone is not part of orbit

A

nasal

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8
Q

mastoid location

A

temporal bone

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9
Q

vertebral column ossification

A

7-8wks embryo (1st trimester)

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10
Q

how many vertebral column primary ossification centers

A

three
1 body (centrum)
1 on each vertebral arch (lamina + pedicles)

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11
Q

how many vertebral column secondary ossification centers

A

five
1 on tip of SP
2 on TP
2 at the annular ring epiphyses (sup + inf aspect of body)

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12
Q

lumbars have __ additional ossification centers for ___

A

2, mamillary processes

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13
Q

flat bones

A

no direct sternal attachment

attached by costal cartilages

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14
Q

how many pairs of ribs

A

12

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15
Q

which ribs are typical

A

3-9

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16
Q

which ribs are atypical

A

1, 2, 11, 12

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17
Q

shortest rib, costochondral joint articulates manubrium, scalene tubercle location, support subclavian vessels

A

rib 1

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18
Q

thinner rib, 2x length of rib 1, serratus anterior tuberosity

A

rib 2

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19
Q

short, no neck or tubercle, floaters (do not articulate with sternum) only articulates with VB, single facet on head, end capped cartilage

A

rib 11, rib 12

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20
Q

jugular notch location

A

aka suprasternal notch

anterior t3-t4 vertebrae

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21
Q

angle of louis location

A

manubrium/sternum meet

rib 2 attach

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22
Q

sternum

A

aka gladiolus

body located t5-t9, costal notches form lateral border

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23
Q

xiphoid facts

A

xiphisternal cartilaginous joint

landmark diaphragm, diaphragmatic surface of liver, inferior border of heart

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24
Q

5 fused vertebras by age 25

A

sacrum

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25
Q

sacrum base

A

sacral promontory

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26
Q

sacral ala

A

lateral sides

aka wings

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27
Q

what branches of sacral spinal nerves pass through

A

sacral foramina

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28
Q

articulates with coccyx

A

apex of sacrum

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29
Q

cervical landmarks

A

c3: hyoid bone
c4: cornu of thyroid
c5: body of thyroid
c6: cricoid cartilage and cricoid tubercle

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30
Q

motor unit boundaries of the IVF

A

pedicles
facets
body
disc

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31
Q

joints of lushka in which vertebraes

A

c2-cc6

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32
Q

what vb is the lowest level vertebral artery at

A

c6

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33
Q

where is facet tropism commonly at

A

l4, l5

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34
Q

vertebral motion segment involves

A

2 vertebra

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35
Q

c1 characteristics

A

atlas
no body
no spinous

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36
Q

c2 characteristics

A

axis aka epistropheus

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37
Q

L5 lateral disc lesion causes

A

central area preserved

“sacral scarring”

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38
Q

c1

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A

1: BUM (posterior, superior, medial)
2: BMD (posterior, medial, inferior)

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39
Q

c2

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A

1: BUL (posterior, superior, lateral)

2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)

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40
Q

c3-c6

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A
  1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)

2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)

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41
Q

c7

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A
  1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)

2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)

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42
Q

t1-t11

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A

1: BUL (posterior, superior, lateral)

2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)

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43
Q

t12

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A

1: BUL (posterior, superior, lateral)

2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)

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44
Q

l1-l5

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A
  1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)

2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)

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45
Q

S1

1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet

A
  1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)

2: none

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46
Q

when cartilage is replaced by bone

A

endochondral ossification

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47
Q

what is membranous bone called

A

intramembranous ossification

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48
Q

what forms the haversian canal

A

compact bone aka lamellae

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49
Q

haversian canal aka

A

central canal

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50
Q

what is between the lamellae

A

lacunae

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51
Q

what are the mature cells in lacunae

A

osteocytes

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52
Q

what allows osteocytes to communicate

A

canaliculi

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53
Q

spongy bone

A

cancellous

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54
Q

what part of the bone feels pain

A

periosteum

55
Q

process of bone growth

A

epiphysis then diaphysis

56
Q

what tissue is the epiphyseal disc

A

hyaline cartilage

57
Q

what is the major inorganic component of bone

A

hydroxyapatite

58
Q

what build bone

A

osteoblast

59
Q

what breaks down/reabsorbs bone

A

osteoclast

60
Q

oral cavity, anal canal cells are what epi

A

stratified squamous

61
Q

what muscle is striated and multinucleated

A

skeletal muscle

62
Q

where is neurotransmitter stored

A

terminal bouton

63
Q

where do the nerve and skin embryo derive from

A

ectoderm

64
Q

saddle relates to

A

thumb

65
Q

sella relates to

A

thumb

66
Q

ellipsoid relates to

A

condyloid

67
Q

pivot relates to

A

c1-c2

68
Q

symphysis relates to

A

ivd

69
Q

spheroid relates to

A

hip

70
Q

gomphosis relates to

A

teeth

71
Q

hinge relates to

A

ginglymus

72
Q

resists anterior translation and medial rotation of tibia in relation to femur

A

acl

73
Q

prevents femur from sliding off anterior edge of tibia and prevents tibia from displacing posterior to femur

A

pcl

74
Q

resists medial forces on knee

A

mcl

75
Q

keeps outer side of knee stable

A

lcl

76
Q

distributes over 50% of medial support of elbow

A

ucl

77
Q

protects elbow joint from twisting forces generated in pitching, serving a tennis ball or throwing a javelin

A

ucl

78
Q

remains taut throughout extension and flexion of the joint

A

rcl

79
Q

wraps around head of radius and attaches to ulna, stabilizes radius in radial notch and allows for rotating hand

A

annular collateral ligament

80
Q

hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct are called

A

portal triad

81
Q

what connects ciliary body with crystalline lens of eye

A

zonule of zinn

82
Q

appendicular skeleton has how many bones

A

126

83
Q

which skeleton is unfused and has greatest rom

A

appendicular skeleton

84
Q

how many bones in axial skeleton

A

80

85
Q

which skeleton is where the sacrum and coccyx fuse

A

axial skeleton

86
Q

appendicular skeleton bones

A

pectoral girdles (clavicles, scapula), arm, forearm, hands, pelvis, thigh, keg, feet and ankles

87
Q

axial skeleton bones

A

skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs and sternum

88
Q

how many total bones in the body

A

206

89
Q

root at t3

A

spine of scapula

90
Q

most lateral, superior border of scapula

A

acromion

91
Q

pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

92
Q

superior border of scapula

A

scapular notch

93
Q

where costoclavicular ligament attaches, 1st bone to ossify

A

conoid of clavicle

94
Q

where “SIT” attaches

A

greater tubercle

95
Q

where subscapular attaches

A

lesser tubercle

96
Q

where deltoid attaches

A

deltoid tuberosity

97
Q

bicipital tendon location

A

intertubercular groobe

98
Q

where ulnar nerve transverses

A

medial epicondyle

99
Q

grove for radial nerve on the posterior humeral

A

lateral epicondyle

100
Q

articulates with radius

A

capitulum

101
Q

articulates with ulna on humerus

A

trochlea

102
Q

houses olecranon process of ulna

A

olecranon fossa

103
Q

depression on head

A

fovea

104
Q

where biceps attach

A

radial tuberosity

105
Q

articulates with ulna on radius

A

ulnar notch

106
Q

locator for lunate

A

listers tubercle

107
Q

spinal groove is where

A

humerus

108
Q

olecranon process

A

elbow

109
Q

semilunar notch aka

A

trochlear notch on elbow

110
Q

ulna coronoid

A

elbow - anterior border

111
Q

radial notch

A

lateral coronoid process

112
Q

head of ulna

A

at the wrist

113
Q

separates ulna and carpals

A

styloid process

114
Q

what can damage axillary nerve

A

fracture of surgical neck of humerus

115
Q

what can damage radial nerve

A

fracture of shaft

116
Q

proximal row of carpals

A

scaphoid (navicular), lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

117
Q

distal row of carpals

A

trapezium (> multangular), trapezoid (< multangular), capitate, hamate

118
Q

what is the most common fracture carpal

A

scaphoid

119
Q

what carpal has the tunnel of guyon

A

hamate

120
Q

what shape is trapezoid carpal

A

wedge

121
Q

what are the snuff box borders

A

ext. pol. longus, ext. pol brevis and abd. pol. longus

122
Q

what is the floor of the snuff box

A

scaphoid bone

123
Q

location of radial pulse

A

snuff box

124
Q

median nerve supplies what hand muscles

A

lumbricales, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

125
Q

what nerve supplies the rest of the hand muscles

A

ulnar nerve

126
Q

where is the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

A

pisiform

127
Q

hamate articulates with which mcp

A

4 and 5

128
Q

capitate articulates with which mcp

A

3

129
Q

trapeziod articulates with which mcp

A

2

130
Q

trapezium articulates with which mcp

A

1

131
Q

OA affects which joints and has what nodes

A

dip, heberden’s nodes

132
Q

OA or RA affects which joints with what nodes

A

pip, bouchard’s nodes

133
Q

RA affects which joints with what nodes

A

mcp, haygarth’s nodes

Boards pt1 (28 decks)

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