Osteology Flashcards
1
Q
skull ossification
A
7-8wk embryo (1st trimester)
2
Q
skull sutures
A
coronal (frontal + parietal)
sagittal (2 parietals)
lambdoidal (parietal + occipital)
squamous (temporal + parietal)
3
Q
cribiform plate (inf.) crista ovale (sup)
A
ethmoid
4
Q
hard palate, palatine, orbital fissure
A
maxillary
5
Q
sella turcica, foramen ovale, rotundom, lacerum, spinosum + more
A
sphenoid
6
Q
sphenoid, frontal, zygomatic, palatine, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillary
A
orbit
7
Q
what bone is not part of orbit
A
nasal
8
Q
mastoid location
A
temporal bone
9
Q
vertebral column ossification
A
7-8wks embryo (1st trimester)
10
Q
how many vertebral column primary ossification centers
A
three
1 body (centrum)
1 on each vertebral arch (lamina + pedicles)
11
Q
how many vertebral column secondary ossification centers
A
five
1 on tip of SP
2 on TP
2 at the annular ring epiphyses (sup + inf aspect of body)
12
Q
lumbars have __ additional ossification centers for ___
A
2, mamillary processes
13
Q
flat bones
A
no direct sternal attachment
attached by costal cartilages
14
Q
how many pairs of ribs
A
12
15
Q
which ribs are typical
A
3-9
16
Q
which ribs are atypical
A
1, 2, 11, 12
17
Q
shortest rib, costochondral joint articulates manubrium, scalene tubercle location, support subclavian vessels
A
rib 1
18
Q
thinner rib, 2x length of rib 1, serratus anterior tuberosity
A
rib 2
19
Q
short, no neck or tubercle, floaters (do not articulate with sternum) only articulates with VB, single facet on head, end capped cartilage
A
rib 11, rib 12
20
Q
jugular notch location
A
aka suprasternal notch
anterior t3-t4 vertebrae
21
Q
angle of louis location
A
manubrium/sternum meet
rib 2 attach
22
Q
sternum
A
aka gladiolus
body located t5-t9, costal notches form lateral border
23
Q
xiphoid facts
A
xiphisternal cartilaginous joint
landmark diaphragm, diaphragmatic surface of liver, inferior border of heart
24
Q
5 fused vertebras by age 25
A
sacrum
25
sacrum base
sacral promontory
26
sacral ala
lateral sides
| aka wings
27
what branches of sacral spinal nerves pass through
sacral foramina
28
articulates with coccyx
apex of sacrum
29
cervical landmarks
c3: hyoid bone
c4: cornu of thyroid
c5: body of thyroid
c6: cricoid cartilage and cricoid tubercle
30
motor unit boundaries of the IVF
pedicles
facets
body
disc
31
joints of lushka in which vertebraes
c2-cc6
32
what vb is the lowest level vertebral artery at
c6
33
where is facet tropism commonly at
l4, l5
34
vertebral motion segment involves
2 vertebra
35
c1 characteristics
atlas
no body
no spinous
36
c2 characteristics
axis aka epistropheus
37
L5 lateral disc lesion causes
central area preserved
| "sacral scarring"
38
c1
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1: BUM (posterior, superior, medial)
2: BMD (posterior, medial, inferior)
39
c2
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1: BUL (posterior, superior, lateral)
| 2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)
40
c3-c6
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)
| 2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)
41
c7
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)
| 2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)
42
t1-t11
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1: BUL (posterior, superior, lateral)
| 2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)
43
t12
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1: BUL (posterior, superior, lateral)
| 2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)
44
l1-l5
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)
| 2. FOLD (anterior, lateral, inferior)
45
S1
1: superior articulating facet
2: inferior articulating facet
1. BUM (posterior, superior, medial)
| 2: none
46
when cartilage is replaced by bone
endochondral ossification
47
what is membranous bone called
intramembranous ossification
48
what forms the haversian canal
compact bone aka lamellae
49
haversian canal aka
central canal
50
what is between the lamellae
lacunae
51
what are the mature cells in lacunae
osteocytes
52
what allows osteocytes to communicate
canaliculi
53
spongy bone
cancellous
54
what part of the bone feels pain
periosteum
55
process of bone growth
epiphysis then diaphysis
56
what tissue is the epiphyseal disc
hyaline cartilage
57
what is the major inorganic component of bone
hydroxyapatite
58
what build bone
osteoblast
59
what breaks down/reabsorbs bone
osteoclast
60
oral cavity, anal canal cells are what epi
stratified squamous
61
what muscle is striated and multinucleated
skeletal muscle
62
where is neurotransmitter stored
terminal bouton
63
where do the nerve and skin embryo derive from
ectoderm
64
saddle relates to
thumb
65
sella relates to
thumb
66
ellipsoid relates to
condyloid
67
pivot relates to
c1-c2
68
symphysis relates to
ivd
69
spheroid relates to
hip
70
gomphosis relates to
teeth
71
hinge relates to
ginglymus
72
resists anterior translation and medial rotation of tibia in relation to femur
acl
73
prevents femur from sliding off anterior edge of tibia and prevents tibia from displacing posterior to femur
pcl
74
resists medial forces on knee
mcl
75
keeps outer side of knee stable
lcl
76
distributes over 50% of medial support of elbow
ucl
77
protects elbow joint from twisting forces generated in pitching, serving a tennis ball or throwing a javelin
ucl
78
remains taut throughout extension and flexion of the joint
rcl
79
wraps around head of radius and attaches to ulna, stabilizes radius in radial notch and allows for rotating hand
annular collateral ligament
80
hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct are called
portal triad
81
what connects ciliary body with crystalline lens of eye
zonule of zinn
82
appendicular skeleton has how many bones
126
83
which skeleton is unfused and has greatest rom
appendicular skeleton
84
how many bones in axial skeleton
80
85
which skeleton is where the sacrum and coccyx fuse
axial skeleton
86
appendicular skeleton bones
pectoral girdles (clavicles, scapula), arm, forearm, hands, pelvis, thigh, keg, feet and ankles
87
axial skeleton bones
skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs and sternum
88
how many total bones in the body
206
89
root at t3
spine of scapula
90
most lateral, superior border of scapula
acromion
91
pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis
coracoid process of scapula
92
superior border of scapula
scapular notch
93
where costoclavicular ligament attaches, 1st bone to ossify
conoid of clavicle
94
where "SIT" attaches
greater tubercle
95
where subscapular attaches
lesser tubercle
96
where deltoid attaches
deltoid tuberosity
97
bicipital tendon location
intertubercular groobe
98
where ulnar nerve transverses
medial epicondyle
99
grove for radial nerve on the posterior humeral
lateral epicondyle
100
articulates with radius
capitulum
101
articulates with ulna on humerus
trochlea
102
houses olecranon process of ulna
olecranon fossa
103
depression on head
fovea
104
where biceps attach
radial tuberosity
105
articulates with ulna on radius
ulnar notch
106
locator for lunate
listers tubercle
107
spinal groove is where
humerus
108
olecranon process
elbow
109
semilunar notch aka
trochlear notch on elbow
110
ulna coronoid
elbow - anterior border
111
radial notch
lateral coronoid process
112
head of ulna
at the wrist
113
separates ulna and carpals
styloid process
114
what can damage axillary nerve
fracture of surgical neck of humerus
115
what can damage radial nerve
fracture of shaft
116
proximal row of carpals
scaphoid (navicular), lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
117
distal row of carpals
trapezium (> multangular), trapezoid (< multangular), capitate, hamate
118
what is the most common fracture carpal
scaphoid
119
what carpal has the tunnel of guyon
hamate
120
what shape is trapezoid carpal
wedge
121
what are the snuff box borders
ext. pol. longus, ext. pol brevis and abd. pol. longus
122
what is the floor of the snuff box
scaphoid bone
123
location of radial pulse
snuff box
124
median nerve supplies what hand muscles
lumbricales, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
125
what nerve supplies the rest of the hand muscles
ulnar nerve
126
where is the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
pisiform
127
hamate articulates with which mcp
4 and 5
128
capitate articulates with which mcp
3
129
trapeziod articulates with which mcp
2
130
trapezium articulates with which mcp
1
131
OA affects which joints and has what nodes
dip, heberden's nodes
132
OA or RA affects which joints with what nodes
pip, bouchard's nodes
133
RA affects which joints with what nodes
mcp, haygarth's nodes
