Muscle physiology

Question 1

cell membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Answer 1

sarcolemma

Question 2

where ca2+ is stored to be released into skeletal muscle

Answer 2

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

communication line that sends ap to release ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

t-tubules

Question 4

two types of myofibril

Answer 4

actin and myosin

Question 5

ratio of actin to myosin

Answer 5

2:1

Question 6

myosin characteristics

Answer 6

thick, H-zone, cross bridges

Question 7

what attaches to the myosin head

Answer 7

ATPase

Question 8

actin characteristics

Answer 8

thin, f-actin filament + tropomyosin + troponin (i-bands)

Question 9

what contains the binding sites in actin

Answer 9

f-actin filament

Question 10

what covers f-actin binding sites

Answer 10

tropomyoisin

Question 11

what binds ca2+ and moves tropomyosin

Answer 11

troponin

Question 12

what does smooth muscle consist of

Answer 12

actin, myosin and sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

what is needed for smooth muscle contraction

Answer 13

calmodulin

Question 14

actin/myoisin/SR location

Answer 14

smooth and skeletal

Question 15

troponin/tropomyosin location

Answer 15

skeletal and cardiac

Question 16

where are spindle organs

Answer 16

skeletal

Question 17

z line to z line

Answer 17

sarcomere

Question 18

contains both actin and myosin

Answer 18

a-band

Question 19

has myosin only

Answer 19

h-band

Question 20

has actin only

Answer 20

i-band

Question 21

which band is smaller

Answer 21

i-band

Question 22

which band does not change shape

Answer 22

a-band

Question 23

what causes muscle fatigue

Answer 23

increased k ions

Question 24

muscle lengthens while it contracts is

Answer 24

eccentric

Question 25

muscle shortens while it contracts is

Answer 25

concentric

Question 26

muscle contracts without joint movement or muscle lengthening

Answer 26

isometric

Question 27

muscle contracts with joint movement and constant weight

Answer 27

isotonic

Question 28

muscle contracts with joint movement and constant weight/speed

Answer 28

isokinetic

Question 29

single motor neuron and all the muscle fiber it innervates

Answer 29

motor unit

Question 30

what do fast-twitch muscle fibers do

Answer 30

split ATP rapidly

Question 31

what are the ventral root fibers

Answer 31

alpha and gamma

Question 32

extrafusal fibers are

Answer 32

alpha

Question 33

intrafusal fibers are

Answer 33

gamma

Question 34

what determines strength of muscle

Answer 34

of muscle fibers recruited

Question 35

ascites is

Answer 35

abdominal swelling

Question 36

where are fats digested

Answer 36

duodenum

Question 37

whole body edema is

Answer 37

anasarca

Question 38

high CPK, ATPase activity increased is which muscle type

Answer 38

white (fast twitch)

Question 39

low CPK, low ATPas activity is which muscle type

Answer 39

red (slow twitch)

Question 40

what part of the kidney is impermeable to water

Answer 40

ascending loop of henle