Cardiovascular physiology

Question 1

what is average bpm

Answer 1

75

Question 2

what is average mL blood per beat

Answer 2

70-80mL

Question 3

where is the heart located

Answer 3

behind 2-5th ribs

Question 4

normal bp

Answer 4

120/80

Question 5

what is the pacemaker

Answer 5

sinus (SA) node

Question 6

what is the sa node innervated by

Answer 6

cn10, decreases hr

Question 7

sa node prevents

Answer 7

tetany

Question 8

where in the heart has the highest frequency of spontaneous contractions

Answer 8

sa node

Question 9

what takes over as the pacemaker if sa node dies

Answer 9

a-v node

Question 10

what part of the heart is affected from mitral stenosis

Answer 10

left atrium

Question 11

what part of the heart is affected from tricuspid stenosis

Answer 11

right atrium

Question 12

what part of the heart is affected from aortic stenosis

Answer 12

left ventricle

Question 13

what part of the heart is affected from pulmonic stenosis

Answer 13

right ventricle

Question 14

ratio of na:k that maintains resting state of heart

Answer 14

3 na+ for every 2k

Question 15

what structure in the heart produces rapid conduction of ap

Answer 15

purkinje fibers

Question 16

what occurs at P in ECG

Answer 16

atrial depolarization

Question 17

length between S-T in ECG

Answer 17

.04 to .06 seconds

Question 18

what occurs at QRS in ECG

Answer 18

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

Question 19

what occurs at T in ECG

Answer 19

ventricular repolarization

Question 20

EKG and ECG are diagnostic for

Answer 20

heart

Question 21

EMG is diagnostic for

Answer 21

muscle

Question 22

EEG is diagnostic for

Answer 22

brain

Question 23

when there is aortic regurgitation there is

Answer 23

mitral stenosis

Question 24

when there is pulmonic regurgitation there is

Answer 24

tricuspid stenosis

Question 25

frank starlings law aka

Answer 25

maestrini hearts law

Question 26

frank starlings law

Answer 26

stroke volume increase in repsonse to increase volume of blood filling the heart (inc SV = inc venous return)

Question 27

davis law

Answer 27

muscle will increase in size when used

Question 28

boyles law

Answer 28

inversely proportional relationship between absolute pressure and volume of gas, if tem. kept constant within a closed system

Question 29

pV=k

Answer 29

p: pressure of system V: denotes volume of gas k: constant pressure and volume of system

Question 30

poiseuilles law

Answer 30

radius ^4

Question 31

what are precursor platelets

Answer 31

megakaryocytes

Question 32

where are RBC's (erythrocytes) producced

Answer 32

marrow in children and adults

Question 33

function of erythrocytes

Answer 33

carry hemoglobin

Question 34

where does the production of erythrocytes in fetus occur

Answer 34

liver, spleen, lymph, bone marrow

Question 35

where does the production of erythrocytes in adults occur

Answer 35

membranous bone marrow

Question 36

genesis of erythrocytes

Answer 36

hemocytoblast --> normoblast --> reticulocyte --> erythrocyte (99% of blood - no nucleus)

Question 37

what is made in the kidney stimulating RBC production

Answer 37

erythropoietin

Question 38

life of RBC

Answer 38

120 days

Question 39

where do RBC go when recycled

Answer 39

spleen to preserve heme

Question 40

how is CO2 transported in blood

Answer 40

by plasma bicarbonate

Question 41

what is iron transported as

Answer 41

transferrin

Question 42

what is iron stored as

Answer 42

ferritin

Question 43

what is iron absorbed as

Answer 43

fe2

Question 44

what is required to absorb iron

Answer 44

vitamin c to remain reduced

Question 45

what has the greatest o2 binding affinity

Answer 45

iron protoporphyrin IX

Question 46

blood clot process

Answer 46

injury --> constriction --> platlet plug --> clot --> repai

Question 47

what activates prothrombin activator

Answer 47

extrinsic (damaged cells) and intrinsic (foreign bodies)

Question 48

what does prothrombin activator do

Answer 48

prothrombin --> thrombin

Question 49

what does thrombin become

Answer 49

fibrinogen

Question 50

what does fibrinogen bevome

Answer 50

fibrin

Question 51

what mixes with RBC, platelets and plasma to clot blood

Answer 51

fibrin

Question 52

clotting factor I

Answer 52

fibrinogen

Question 53

clotting factor II

Answer 53

prothrombin

Question 54

clotting factor III

Answer 54

thromboplastin

Question 55

clotting factor IV

Answer 55

calcium

Question 56

clotting factor V

Answer 56

proaccelerin

Question 57

clotting factor VII (no VI)

Answer 57

proconvertin

Question 58

clotting factor VIII

Answer 58

antihemophilic - von willebrand carrier

Question 59

clotting factor IX

Answer 59

antihemophilic factor B

Question 60

clotting factor X

Answer 60

stuart factor

Question 61

clotting factor XI

Answer 61

antih. C

Question 62

clotting factor XII

Answer 62

hangeman factor (most important)

Question 63

what are the macrophages in the aveoli

Answer 63

alveolar macrophages | dust cells

Question 64

what are the macrophages in the brain

Answer 64

microglial cells

Question 65

what are the macrophages in the liver

Answer 65

kupffer cells

Question 66

what are the macrophages in tissue

Answer 66

histiocyte or fixed macrophages