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Boards pt1 > Cardiovascular physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is average bpm

A

75

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2
Q

what is average mL blood per beat

A

70-80mL

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3
Q

where is the heart located

A

behind 2-5th ribs

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4
Q

normal bp

A

120/80

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5
Q

what is the pacemaker

A

sinus (SA) node

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6
Q

what is the sa node innervated by

A

cn10, decreases hr

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7
Q

sa node prevents

A

tetany

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8
Q

where in the heart has the highest frequency of spontaneous contractions

A

sa node

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9
Q

what takes over as the pacemaker if sa node dies

A

a-v node

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10
Q

what part of the heart is affected from mitral stenosis

A

left atrium

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11
Q

what part of the heart is affected from tricuspid stenosis

A

right atrium

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12
Q

what part of the heart is affected from aortic stenosis

A

left ventricle

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13
Q

what part of the heart is affected from pulmonic stenosis

A

right ventricle

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14
Q

ratio of na:k that maintains resting state of heart

A

3 na+ for every 2k

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15
Q

what structure in the heart produces rapid conduction of ap

A

purkinje fibers

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16
Q

what occurs at P in ECG

A

atrial depolarization

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17
Q

length between S-T in ECG

A

.04 to .06 seconds

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18
Q

what occurs at QRS in ECG

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

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19
Q

what occurs at T in ECG

A

ventricular repolarization

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20
Q

EKG and ECG are diagnostic for

A

heart

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21
Q

EMG is diagnostic for

A

muscle

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22
Q

EEG is diagnostic for

A

brain

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23
Q

when there is aortic regurgitation there is

A

mitral stenosis

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24
Q

when there is pulmonic regurgitation there is

A

tricuspid stenosis

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25
Q

frank starlings law aka

A

maestrini hearts law

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26
Q

frank starlings law

A

stroke volume increase in repsonse to increase volume of blood filling the heart (inc SV = inc venous return)

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27
Q

davis law

A

muscle will increase in size when used

28
Q

boyles law

A

inversely proportional relationship between absolute pressure and volume of gas, if tem. kept constant within a closed system

29
Q

pV=k

A

p: pressure of system
V: denotes volume of gas
k: constant pressure and volume of system

30
Q

poiseuilles law

A

radius ^4

31
Q

what are precursor platelets

A

megakaryocytes

32
Q

where are RBC’s (erythrocytes) producced

A

marrow in children and adults

33
Q

function of erythrocytes

A

carry hemoglobin

34
Q

where does the production of erythrocytes in fetus occur

A

liver, spleen, lymph, bone marrow

35
Q

where does the production of erythrocytes in adults occur

A

membranous bone marrow

36
Q

genesis of erythrocytes

A

hemocytoblast –> normoblast –> reticulocyte –> erythrocyte (99% of blood - no nucleus)

37
Q

what is made in the kidney stimulating RBC production

A

erythropoietin

38
Q

life of RBC

A

120 days

39
Q

where do RBC go when recycled

A

spleen to preserve heme

40
Q

how is CO2 transported in blood

A

by plasma bicarbonate

41
Q

what is iron transported as

A

transferrin

42
Q

what is iron stored as

A

ferritin

43
Q

what is iron absorbed as

A

fe2

44
Q

what is required to absorb iron

A

vitamin c to remain reduced

45
Q

what has the greatest o2 binding affinity

A

iron protoporphyrin IX

46
Q

blood clot process

A

injury –> constriction –> platlet plug –> clot –> repai

47
Q

what activates prothrombin activator

A

extrinsic (damaged cells) and intrinsic (foreign bodies)

48
Q

what does prothrombin activator do

A

prothrombin –> thrombin

49
Q

what does thrombin become

A

fibrinogen

50
Q

what does fibrinogen bevome

A

fibrin

51
Q

what mixes with RBC, platelets and plasma to clot blood

A

fibrin

52
Q

clotting factor I

A

fibrinogen

53
Q

clotting factor II

A

prothrombin

54
Q

clotting factor III

A

thromboplastin

55
Q

clotting factor IV

A

calcium

56
Q

clotting factor V

A

proaccelerin

57
Q

clotting factor VII (no VI)

A

proconvertin

58
Q

clotting factor VIII

A

antihemophilic - von willebrand carrier

59
Q

clotting factor IX

A

antihemophilic factor B

60
Q

clotting factor X

A

stuart factor

61
Q

clotting factor XI

A

antih. C

62
Q

clotting factor XII

A

hangeman factor (most important)

63
Q

what are the macrophages in the aveoli

A

alveolar macrophages

dust cells

64
Q

what are the macrophages in the brain

A

microglial cells

65
Q

what are the macrophages in the liver

A

kupffer cells

66
Q

what are the macrophages in tissue

A

histiocyte or fixed macrophages

Boards pt1 (28 decks)

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