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Boards pt1 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

function of an enzyme

A

speed up reactions

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2
Q

an enzyme only has

A

one reaction

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3
Q

breakdown to generate energy

A

catabolic

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4
Q

build up requiring energy

A

anabolic

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5
Q

what attaches to the binding site

A

reactant (substrate)

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6
Q

cofactor aka

A

coenzyme

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7
Q

what makes the cofactor holoenzyme

A

enzyme + cofactor

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8
Q

what regulates rate of enzyme synthesis at the dna level

A

steroids

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9
Q

what is a zymogen

A

protein that becomes active enzyme when parts are removed

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10
Q

what regulates zymogen activation

A

proteolytic cleavage

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11
Q

rate limiting step of krebs

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

rate limiting step of hmp shunt

A

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

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13
Q

rate limiting step of fatty acid synth

A

acetyl coa carboxylase

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14
Q

rate limiting step of beta oxidation

A

carnitine acyltransferase 1

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15
Q

rate limiting step of urea cycle

A

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1

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16
Q

rate limiting step of glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase

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17
Q

rate limiting step of trypsin

A

hydrolase

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18
Q

what controls mechanisms for cellular metabolism

A

phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

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19
Q

what is an area on the enzyme where a compound may bind and change the rate of activity called

A

allosteric site

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20
Q

what do substrates do

A

stimulate reaction

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21
Q

what do products do

A

inhibit reaction

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22
Q

reaction of velocity is proportional to

A

enzyme concentration

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23
Q

what are saturated and reach max velocity

A

all binding sites

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24
Q

what is the concentration of substrate at which an enzyme yields 1/2 vmax called

A

michaelis-menten constant

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25
Q

example of zymogen activation

A

pepsinogen to pepsin

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26
Q

what transfers a phosphate , atp and mg++

A

kinase

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27
Q

what moves hydrogen

A

oxidoreductase

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28
Q

example of catabolic oxidoreductase

A

nad+, fad

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29
Q

example of anabolic oxidoreductase

A

nadp

glycerol 3-p dehydrogenase

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30
Q

what does nad do

A

breaks molecules

31
Q

what does nadh do

A

build molecules

32
Q

tyrosine forms

A

epinephrine

33
Q

epinephrine stimulates

A

production of energy

34
Q

epinephrine inhibits

A

storage of energy

35
Q

insulin comes from

A

islets of langerhans

36
Q

what makes insulin

A

beta cells

37
Q

insulin is secreted by

A

pancreas (tail)

38
Q

insulin stimulates

A

energy storage

39
Q

insulin inhibits

A

hormone sensitive liapse

40
Q

what lowers blood sugar

A

insulin

41
Q

what raises blood sugar

A

glucagon

42
Q

what do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete

A

glucagon

43
Q

what does glucagon stimulate

A

glycogenolysis

44
Q

what does glucagon and epinephrine stimulate

A

hormone sensitive lipase

45
Q

glucagon function

A

release glucose into blood

46
Q

derivative of steroid hormones is called

A

cholesterol

47
Q

what does cholesterol do

A

synthesis of particular enzymes and proteins

48
Q

where is cholesterol produced

A

adrenal cortex

49
Q

what promotes gluconeogenesis

A

glucocorticoids

50
Q

what do glucocorticoids do

A

increase break down, increase beta oxidation and ketogenesis

51
Q

cortisol (hydroxycortisone and cortisone) are examples of

A

glucocorticoids

52
Q

what are important in regulating electrolyte balance, enhance retention of na and excretion of k, ammonia and protons

A

mineralocorticoids

53
Q

aldosterone is a

A

mineralocorticoid

54
Q

gonadocorticoids aka

A

sex hormone

55
Q

what steroid is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics

A

gonadocorticoids

56
Q

what is the gonadocorticoid in the male

A

androgens

57
Q

what is the gonadocorticoid in the female

A

estrogen and progestins

58
Q

what releases arachidonic acid from phospholipids

A

phospholipase a2

59
Q

which thyroid hormone inhibits protein synthesis and have negative nitrogen balance

A

t3

60
Q

what increases the t3 and t4 hormone

A

graves disease

61
Q

what does pth do in for the kidneys

A

calcitriol synthesis

62
Q

where is leptin produced

A

in adipose

63
Q

what is stimulated during glucose production

A

glucagon and epi

64
Q

what is inhibited during glucose production

A

insulin

65
Q

what is stimulated during glycogen production

A

insulin

66
Q

what is inhibited during glycogen production

A

glucagon and epi

67
Q

what is stimulated during glucose splitting

A

insulin

68
Q

what is inhibited during glucose splitting

A

glucagon and epi

69
Q

what is stimulated during glycogen splitting

A

glucagon and epi

70
Q

what is inhibited during glycogen splitting

A

insulin

71
Q

what is stimulated during fat production

A

insulin

72
Q

what is inhibited during fat production

A

glucagon and epi

73
Q

what is stimulated during fat splitting

A

glucagon and epi

74
Q

what is inhibited during fat splitting

A

insulin

Boards pt1 (28 decks)

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