Enzymes

Question 1

function of an enzyme

Answer 1

speed up reactions

Question 2

an enzyme only has

Answer 2

one reaction

Question 3

breakdown to generate energy

Answer 3

catabolic

Question 4

build up requiring energy

Answer 4

anabolic

Question 5

what attaches to the binding site

Answer 5

reactant (substrate)

Question 6

cofactor aka

Answer 6

coenzyme

Question 7

what makes the cofactor holoenzyme

Answer 7

enzyme + cofactor

Question 8

what regulates rate of enzyme synthesis at the dna level

Answer 8

steroids

Question 9

what is a zymogen

Answer 9

protein that becomes active enzyme when parts are removed

Question 10

what regulates zymogen activation

Answer 10

proteolytic cleavage

Question 11

rate limiting step of krebs

Answer 11

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 12

rate limiting step of hmp shunt

Answer 12

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 13

rate limiting step of fatty acid synth

Answer 13

acetyl coa carboxylase

Question 14

rate limiting step of beta oxidation

Answer 14

carnitine acyltransferase 1

Question 15

rate limiting step of urea cycle

Answer 15

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1

Question 16

rate limiting step of glycolysis

Answer 16

phosphofructokinase

Question 17

rate limiting step of trypsin

Answer 17

hydrolase

Question 18

what controls mechanisms for cellular metabolism

Answer 18

phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

Question 19

what is an area on the enzyme where a compound may bind and change the rate of activity called

Answer 19

allosteric site

Question 20

what do substrates do

Answer 20

stimulate reaction

Question 21

what do products do

Answer 21

inhibit reaction

Question 22

reaction of velocity is proportional to

Answer 22

enzyme concentration

Question 23

what are saturated and reach max velocity

Answer 23

all binding sites

Question 24

what is the concentration of substrate at which an enzyme yields 1/2 vmax called

Answer 24

michaelis-menten constant

Question 25

example of zymogen activation

Answer 25

pepsinogen to pepsin

Question 26

what transfers a phosphate , atp and mg++

Answer 26

kinase

Question 27

what moves hydrogen

Answer 27

oxidoreductase

Question 28

example of catabolic oxidoreductase

Answer 28

nad+, fad

Question 29

example of anabolic oxidoreductase

Answer 29

nadp | glycerol 3-p dehydrogenase

Question 30

what does nad do

Answer 30

breaks molecules

Question 31

what does nadh do

Answer 31

build molecules

Question 32

tyrosine forms

Answer 32

epinephrine

Question 33

epinephrine stimulates

Answer 33

production of energy

Question 34

epinephrine inhibits

Answer 34

storage of energy

Question 35

insulin comes from

Answer 35

islets of langerhans

Question 36

what makes insulin

Answer 36

beta cells

Question 37

insulin is secreted by

Answer 37

pancreas (tail)

Question 38

insulin stimulates

Answer 38

energy storage

Question 39

insulin inhibits

Answer 39

hormone sensitive liapse

Question 40

what lowers blood sugar

Answer 40

insulin

Question 41

what raises blood sugar

Answer 41

glucagon

Question 42

what do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete

Answer 42

glucagon

Question 43

what does glucagon stimulate

Answer 43

glycogenolysis

Question 44

what does glucagon and epinephrine stimulate

Answer 44

hormone sensitive lipase

Question 45

glucagon function

Answer 45

release glucose into blood

Question 46

derivative of steroid hormones is called

Answer 46

cholesterol

Question 47

what does cholesterol do

Answer 47

synthesis of particular enzymes and proteins

Question 48

where is cholesterol produced

Answer 48

adrenal cortex

Question 49

what promotes gluconeogenesis

Answer 49

glucocorticoids

Question 50

what do glucocorticoids do

Answer 50

increase break down, increase beta oxidation and ketogenesis

Question 51

cortisol (hydroxycortisone and cortisone) are examples of

Answer 51

glucocorticoids

Question 52

what are important in regulating electrolyte balance, enhance retention of na and excretion of k, ammonia and protons

Answer 52

mineralocorticoids

Question 53

aldosterone is a

Answer 53

mineralocorticoid

Question 54

gonadocorticoids aka

Answer 54

sex hormone

Question 55

what steroid is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 55

gonadocorticoids

Question 56

what is the gonadocorticoid in the male

Answer 56

androgens

Question 57

what is the gonadocorticoid in the female

Answer 57

estrogen and progestins

Question 58

what releases arachidonic acid from phospholipids

Answer 58

phospholipase a2

Question 59

which thyroid hormone inhibits protein synthesis and have negative nitrogen balance

Answer 59

t3

Question 60

what increases the t3 and t4 hormone

Answer 60

graves disease

Question 61

what does pth do in for the kidneys

Answer 61

calcitriol synthesis

Question 62

where is leptin produced

Answer 62

in adipose

Question 63

what is stimulated during glucose production

Answer 63

glucagon and epi

Question 64

what is inhibited during glucose production

Answer 64

insulin

Question 65

what is stimulated during glycogen production

Answer 65

insulin

Question 66

what is inhibited during glycogen production

Answer 66

glucagon and epi

Question 67

what is stimulated during glucose splitting

Answer 67

insulin

Question 68

what is inhibited during glucose splitting

Answer 68

glucagon and epi

Question 69

what is stimulated during glycogen splitting

Answer 69

glucagon and epi

Question 70

what is inhibited during glycogen splitting

Answer 70

insulin

Question 71

what is stimulated during fat production

Answer 71

insulin

Question 72

what is inhibited during fat production

Answer 72

glucagon and epi

Question 73

what is stimulated during fat splitting

Answer 73

glucagon and epi

Question 74

what is inhibited during fat splitting

Answer 74

insulin