Chemistry helper

Question 1

glucose pathways

Answer 1

glycolysis
phosphofructokinase
allosteric enzyme

Question 2

glucose products

Answer 2

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 nadh

Question 3

glucose stimulated by

Answer 3

amp, insulin

Question 4

glucose inhibited by

Answer 4

citric acid, ketone bodies, free fatty acids, atp, cAMP(glucagon) and low ph

Question 5

location of glycolysis

Answer 5

cytosol

Question 6

what does pyruvate turn into in aerobic conditions

Answer 6

acetyl coa

Question 7

what does pyruvate turn into in anaerobic conditions

Answer 7

lactate

Question 8

what undergoes gluconeogenesis

Answer 8

non-carbs: lactate, glycerol, glucogenic amino acids

Question 9

product of gluconeogenesis

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

gluconeogenesis stimulated by

Answer 10

cortisol, epinephrine, norepi, atp, glucagon

Question 11

glucose inhibited by

Answer 11

insulin, amp, adp, high blood glucose

Question 12

location of gluconeogenesis

Answer 12

cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver

Question 13

what aa cant gluconeogenesis use

Answer 13

leucine because it is ketogenic

Question 14

what undegoes glycogenesis

Answer 14

udp-glucose

one pentose and one glucose

Question 15

products from glycogenesis

Answer 15

glycogen

Question 16

glycogenesis stimulated by

Answer 16

insulin

Question 17

glycogenesis inhibited by

Answer 17

glucagon, epinephrine

Question 18

location of glycogenesis

Answer 18

cytoplasm of liver and muscle

Question 19

what undergoes glycogeneolysis

Answer 19

glycogen

Question 20

what does glycogenolysis produce

Answer 20

glucose 1-phosphate

Question 21

glycogenolysis stimulated by

Answer 21

cortisol, epi, nor epi, glucagon

Question 22

glycogenolysis inhibited by

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

location of glycogenolysis

Answer 23

cytoplasm of liver and muscle

Question 24

what undergoes lipogenesis

Answer 24

excess glucose

Question 25

product of lipgenesis

Answer 25

fat

Question 26

lipogenesis stimulated by

Answer 26

insulin, atp

Question 27

lipogenesis inhibited by

Answer 27

epinephrine, glucagon

Question 28

what pathways occur in the liver

Answer 28

lipogenesis, lipolysis, cholesterol synthesis

Question 29

lipolysis uses what substrate

Answer 29

fat

Question 30

lipolysis produces

Answer 30

ketone bodies

Question 31

lipolysis is stimulated by

Answer 31

epinephrine, norepi, glucagon, gh, and caffeine

Question 32

lipolysis inhibited by

Answer 32

insula, fatty acids

Question 33

cholesterol synthesis uses

Answer 33

regulation hmg-coa reductase

Question 34

cholesterol synthesis produces

Answer 34

cholesterol

Question 35

cholesterol synthesis stimulated by

Answer 35

nadph (stimulates all lipids)

Question 36

cholesterol synthesis inhibited by

Answer 36

presence of cholesterol

Question 37

insulin has opposite effect of

Answer 37

epi and glucagon

Question 38

when charge of aa or protein is 0 (zwitterion)

Answer 38

isoelectic point

Question 39

what aa are wheat and rice missing

Answer 39

lysine

Question 40

what aa are legumes missing

Answer 40

methionine

Question 41

what aa are corn missing

Answer 41

lysine and tryptophan

Question 42

what are enantiomers

Answer 42

mirror image

Question 43

what are stereoisomers

Answer 43

atoms bonded in the same order, but differ in precise orientation

Question 44

what are epimers

Answer 44

sugar differing in configuration at a single asymmetric center

Question 45

what names do bile salts end in

Answer 45

cholic acid or cholate

Question 46

too much uric acid is called

Answer 46

gout