GI physiology

Question 1

what digests in the mouth

Answer 1

starch (mechanical)

Question 2

what enzyme is in the mouth

Answer 2

ptyalin: salivary amylase

Question 3

what glands are in the mouth

Answer 3

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 4

function of the esophagus

Answer 4

transport

Question 5

what cells are in the esophagus

Answer 5

mucus cells

Question 6

what digests in the stomach

Answer 6

protein

Question 7

what enzyme digests collagen

Answer 7

pepsin

Question 8

what cells are in the stomach

Answer 8

chief cells, g cells, parietal cells (oxynitic cells)

Question 9

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 9

pepsinogen

Question 10

what cell secretes gastrin

Answer 10

g cells

Question 11

what cells secreate HCL and intrinsic factor

Answer 11

parietal cells

Question 12

what is the purpose of rugae

Answer 12

increase surface area

Question 13

what is pernicious anemia

Answer 13

damage to mucosa

Question 14

what happens in the duodenum

Answer 14

fat digestion and starch digestion

Question 15

what enzymes are in the duodenum

Answer 15

pancreatic lipase and amylase

Question 16

what cells are in the duodenum and what do they secrete

Answer 16

brunners cells

secretes alkaline mucus

Question 17

where is the sphincter of oddi located

Answer 17

duodenum

Question 18

what additional contents are in the duodenum

Answer 18

cck, bicarbonate

Question 19

how long is the duodenum

Answer 19

10-12inches

Question 20

function of jejunum

Answer 20

peptide, dissacharide digestion and absorption

Question 21

what enzyme is in the jejunum

Answer 21

carboxy-peptidase

Question 22

where does carboxy-peptidase come from

Answer 22

pancreas

Question 23

where is most food digestion completed

Answer 23

jejunum

Question 24

where in the intestine is there major reabsorption of water

Answer 24

jejunum

Question 25

how are amino acids absorbed in the jejunum

Answer 25

with glucose transport

Question 26

how long is the jejunum

Answer 26

6-10 feet

Question 27

function of ileum

Answer 27

reabsorption of bile b12

Question 28

what cells are in the ileum

Answer 28

peyers patches - lymphoid tissue

Question 29

how long is the ileum

Answer 29

10-15 feet

Question 30

small intestine function

Answer 30

carbs, protein and lipid digestion

Question 31

what inhibits gastric emptying

Answer 31

food in small intestine

Question 32

contents of small intestine

Answer 32

crypts of lieberkuhns, brush border, plicae circulares, goblet, paneth, and argentaffin cells

Question 33

what enzymes are in the small intestine

Answer 33

carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, peptidase, dextrinase, glucoamylase, maltase

Question 34

how long is the small intestine

Answer 34

20-25ft

Question 35

gall baldder function

Answer 35

stores and concentrates bile

Question 36

what forms common bile duct

Answer 36

cystic duct and common hepatic duct

Question 37

where does the common bile duct empty into

Answer 37

duodenum

Question 38

what enzymes are in the gall bladder

Answer 38

LDH, SGPT, SGOT, arginase, alkaline phosphatase

Question 39

what causes bile from gall bladder to empty into the duodenum

Answer 39

cck

Question 40

what does cck also do

Answer 40

inhibit gastric emptying

Question 41

function of pancreas

Answer 41

digestive enzymes and produce the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 42

what enzymes are in the pancreas

Answer 42

pancreatic liapse, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, insulin and glucagon

Question 43

what releases bicarbonate juice

Answer 43

secretin

Question 44

what does cck release in the pancreas

Answer 44

enzyme-rich juice

Question 45

colon function

Answer 45

water reabsorption and electrolytes

Question 46

cells in colon

Answer 46

paneth cells (kills bacteria)

Question 47

colon contents

Answer 47

bacteria, taenia coli (muscle)

Question 48

how long does it take for food to go through duodenum

Answer 48

2-4 hours

Question 49

how long does it take for food to go through colon

Answer 49

3-4 days

Question 50

rectum function

Answer 50

storage for elimination

Question 51

rectum contents

Answer 51

no taenia coli, columns of morgagni

Question 52

what part of the gi can have cancer

Answer 52

rectum, recto-sigmoid area

Question 53

function of liver

Answer 53

produces, stores and filters (makes bile) (kupffer cells)

Question 54

what cells are in the liver

Answer 54

hepatocyte cells

Question 55

what do hepatocyte cells do

Answer 55

detoxify, process fats and amino acids, vitamin storage, makes blood proteins

Question 56

damage to the liver

Answer 56

decrease lipid digestion, synthesis, and blood sugar regulation