GI physiology Flashcards
what digests in the mouth
starch (mechanical)
what enzyme is in the mouth
ptyalin: salivary amylase
what glands are in the mouth
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
function of the esophagus
transport
what cells are in the esophagus
mucus cells
what digests in the stomach
protein
what enzyme digests collagen
pepsin
what cells are in the stomach
chief cells, g cells, parietal cells (oxynitic cells)
what do chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
what cell secretes gastrin
g cells
what cells secreate HCL and intrinsic factor
parietal cells
what is the purpose of rugae
increase surface area
what is pernicious anemia
damage to mucosa
what happens in the duodenum
fat digestion and starch digestion
what enzymes are in the duodenum
pancreatic lipase and amylase
what cells are in the duodenum and what do they secrete
brunners cells
secretes alkaline mucus
where is the sphincter of oddi located
duodenum
what additional contents are in the duodenum
cck, bicarbonate
how long is the duodenum
10-12inches
function of jejunum
peptide, dissacharide digestion and absorption
what enzyme is in the jejunum
carboxy-peptidase
where does carboxy-peptidase come from
pancreas
where is most food digestion completed
jejunum
where in the intestine is there major reabsorption of water
jejunum
how are amino acids absorbed in the jejunum
with glucose transport
how long is the jejunum
6-10 feet
function of ileum
reabsorption of bile b12
what cells are in the ileum
peyers patches - lymphoid tissue
how long is the ileum
10-15 feet
small intestine function
carbs, protein and lipid digestion
what inhibits gastric emptying
food in small intestine
contents of small intestine
crypts of lieberkuhns, brush border, plicae circulares, goblet, paneth, and argentaffin cells
what enzymes are in the small intestine
carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, peptidase, dextrinase, glucoamylase, maltase
how long is the small intestine
20-25ft
gall baldder function
stores and concentrates bile
what forms common bile duct
cystic duct and common hepatic duct
where does the common bile duct empty into
duodenum
what enzymes are in the gall bladder
LDH, SGPT, SGOT, arginase, alkaline phosphatase
what causes bile from gall bladder to empty into the duodenum
cck
what does cck also do
inhibit gastric emptying
function of pancreas
digestive enzymes and produce the hormones insulin and glucagon
what enzymes are in the pancreas
pancreatic liapse, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, insulin and glucagon
what releases bicarbonate juice
secretin
what does cck release in the pancreas
enzyme-rich juice
colon function
water reabsorption and electrolytes
cells in colon
paneth cells (kills bacteria)
colon contents
bacteria, taenia coli (muscle)
how long does it take for food to go through duodenum
2-4 hours
how long does it take for food to go through colon
3-4 days
rectum function
storage for elimination
rectum contents
no taenia coli, columns of morgagni
what part of the gi can have cancer
rectum, recto-sigmoid area
function of liver
produces, stores and filters (makes bile) (kupffer cells)
what cells are in the liver
hepatocyte cells
what do hepatocyte cells do
detoxify, process fats and amino acids, vitamin storage, makes blood proteins
damage to the liver
decrease lipid digestion, synthesis, and blood sugar regulation
