Myology Flashcards

1
Q

(shoulder girdle)
Rotator cuff compartment muscles
“SITS”

A
  1. supraspinus
  2. infraspinus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
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2
Q

Nerves:

  1. supraspinus
  2. infraspinus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
A
  1. suprascapular
  2. suprascapular
  3. AXILLARY
  4. subscapular
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3
Q

Action:

  1. supraspinus
  2. infraspinus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
A
  1. abduction
  2. externals (lateral) rotation
  3. external (lateral) rotation
  4. internal (medial) rotation
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4
Q

Origin/insertion

  1. supraspinus
  2. infraspinus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
A
  1. fossa of scapula/greater tubercle of humerus
  2. fossa of scapular/greater tubercle of humerus
  3. lat border dorsal scapula/greater tubercle of humerus
  4. subscapular fossa of scapula/lesser tubercle of humerus
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5
Q

(shoulder girdle)
Other compartment
Majority blood supply: descending scapular

A
  1. latissimus dorsi
  2. trapezius
  3. rhomboid
  4. SERRATUS ANTERIOR
  5. deltoid
  6. teres major
  7. pectoralis minor
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6
Q

Nerves:

  1. latissimus dorsi
  2. trapezius
  3. rhomboid
  4. SERRATUS ANTERIOR
  5. deltoid
  6. teres major
  7. pectoralis minor
A
  1. thoracodorsal
  2. spinal accessory
  3. dorsal scapular
  4. long thoracic
  5. axillary
  6. subscapular
  7. medial pectoral nerve
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7
Q

Action:

  1. latissimus dorsi
  2. trapezius
  3. rhomboid
  4. SERRATUS ANTERIOR
  5. deltoid
  6. teres major
  7. pectoralis minor
A
  1. extension + int. rot. arm
  2. aDduct scapula
  3. scapular retraction
  4. adheres scap to chest wall
  5. aBduction of arm
  6. ext. med. rot, aDduct arm
  7. Draws scapular forward
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8
Q

Origin/insertion:

  1. rhomboid
  2. deltoid
A
  1. SP of C7+T1 (minor) & SP of T2-T5 (major)/scapula

5. Trapezius, clavicle, acromion, spine of scapila/deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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9
Q

(arm)

Anterior compartment muscles

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. coracobrachialis
  5. pronator teres
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10
Q

Nerve:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. coracobrachialis
  5. pronator teres
A

1,2,4: musculocutaneous

  1. radial
  2. MEDIAN
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11
Q

Blood supply:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. coracobrachialis
  5. pronator teres
A

1-4: brachial

5. ulnar

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12
Q

Action:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. coracobrachialis
  5. pronator teres
A
  1. flex elbow + supinate forearm
    2+3. flex elbow
  2. flexes + aDduct arm
  3. Pronate forearm
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13
Q

Origin/insertion:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. coracobrachialis
  5. pronator teres
A
  1. SHORT head: corocoid process, LONG head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, in capsule/radial tuberosity
  2. humerus/tuberosity + corocoid process of ulna
  3. humeral + ulnar head/radius
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14
Q

(arm)

Posterior compartment muscles

A
  1. triceps

2. anconeus

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15
Q

Nerve:

  1. triceps
  2. anconeus
A

radial

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16
Q

Blood supply:

  1. triceps
  2. anconeus
A

brachial

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17
Q

Action:

  1. triceps
  2. anconeus
A

extension of arm

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18
Q

Origin/insertion:

  1. triceps
  2. anconeus
A

insertion: olecranon process of the ulna

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19
Q

(forearm)

Anterior compartment muscles

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. flexor radialis
  3. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. flexor dig. profoundus
  5. pronator teres
  6. flexor pollicus longus
  7. palmaris longus
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20
Q

Nerves:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. flexor radialis
  3. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. flexor dig. profoundus
  5. pronator teres
  6. flexor pollicus longus
  7. palmaris longus
A
  1. musculocutaneous
    2, 5, 6, 7. MEDIAN
  2. ulnar
  3. 1/2 median + 1/2 ulnar
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21
Q

Action:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. flexor radialis
  3. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. flexor dig. profoundus
  5. pronator teres
  6. flexor pollicus longus
  7. palmaris longus
A
  1. flexes elbow + supinate forearm
  2. flex + aBduct wrist
  3. flex + aDduct wrist
  4. flex DIP, PIP, MCP
  5. pronate forearm + flex elbow
  6. flex distal thumb
  7. wrist flexor
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22
Q

Origin/insertion:

  1. biceps brachii
  2. flexor radialis
  3. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. flexor dig. profoundus
  5. pronator teres
  6. flexor pollicus longus
  7. palmaris longus
A
  1. insertion: radius tuberosity
    2, 3. Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  2. “2 heads”: humeral head attaches medial epicondyle, other head attaches to ulna
  3. insertion: palmar surface distal 2-5 phalanges
  4. Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid of ulna
  5. medial epicondyle of humerus/palmar aponeurosis
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23
Q

(forearm)

Posterior compartment

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis longus
  2. brevis
  3. extensor carpi ulnaris
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24
Q

Nerve:

  1. extensor carpi radialis longus
  2. brevis
  3. extensor carpi ulnaris
A

1, 2. RADIAL

3. Post. interosseous nerve

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25
Action: 1. extensor carpi radialis longus 2. brevis 3. extensor carpi ulnaris
1, 2. extends + aBducts wrist | 3. extends + aDducts wrist
26
Origin/insertion 1. extensor carpi radialis longus 2. brevis 3. extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: 1, 2. lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: 1. base 2nd metacarpal 2. base 3rd metacarpal 3. base 5th metacarpal
27
(pelvic girldle) Muscles *pudendal nerve*
* 1. levator ani - flor pelvic cavity 2. coccygeus 3. transverse perinei profundus 4. sphincter ani externus
28
Nerve: * 1. levator ani - flor pelvic cavity 2. coccygeus 3. transverse perinei profundus 4. sphincter ani externus
1, 2. pudendal plexus | 3, 4. branches of pudendal
29
Blood supply: * 1. levator ani - flor pelvic cavity 2. coccygeus 3. transverse perinei profundus 4. sphincter ani externus
1. interal pudendal, inferior rectal 2. internal pudendal, inferior rectal + inf. gluteal 3. internal pudendal 4. inferior rectal + transverse perineal
30
Action: * 1. levator ani - flor pelvic cavity 2. coccygeus 3. transverse perinei profundus 4. sphincter ani externus
1. constricts rectum + vaginal cavity 2. pulls forward + supports coccyx 3. Females: assists perineal body, helps sphincter action and supports vagina Males: assists perineal body, helps sphincter action supports prostate 4. contracts orifice
31
Origin/insertion: * 1. levator ani - flor pelvic cavity 2. coccygeus 3. transverse perinei profundus 4. sphincter ani externus
1. pubis, ischial spine/coccyx 2. ischial spine/coccyx 3. ischial rami/medial tendinous raphe(male) + sides of vagina(female) 4. anococcygeal raphe/surround anal canal
32
(thigh) | Anterior compartment muscles
1. rextus femoris 2. vastus lateralis 3. vastus MEDIALIS 4. vastus intermedius 5. sartorius (longest) 6. iliopsoas (illiacus + psoas)
33
Nerve/blood: 1. rectus femoris 2. vastus lateralis 3. vastus MEDIALIS 4. vastus intermedius 5. sartorius (longest) 6. iliopsoas (illiacus + psoas)
femoral blood supply: femoral *rectus femoris + sartorius cross two joints (Tailor's muscle)
34
Action: 1. rextus femoris 2. vastus lateralis 3. vastus MEDIALIS 4. vastus intermedius 5. sartorius (longest) 6. iliopsoas (illiacus + psoas)
1. extends leg, flexes thigh 2-4. extend leg 5. hip + knee flexion, external rotate thigh 6. hip flexion
35
Origin/insertion: 1. rextus femoris 2. vastus lateralis 3. vastus MEDIALIS 4. vastus intermedius 5. sartorius (longest) 6. iliopsoas (illiacus + psoas)
1. AIIS/patella 2. greater trochanter/patella 3. linea aspera/patella 4. femur/patella 5. ASIS/tibia
36
(thigh) | Medial compartment muscles
1. adductors (magnus, longus, brevis) 2. gracilis 3. pectineus (overlies brevis + longus)
37
Nerve/blood: 1. adductors 2. gracilis 3. pectineus
1, 2. obturator 3. femoral + some obturator Blood supply: obturator
38
Action: 1. adductors 2. gracilis 3. pectineus
1. aDduct 2. aDducts thigh, flex leg 3. aDduct, flex, lat. rot thigh
39
Origin/insertion: 1. adductors 2. gracilis 3. pectineus
1. ramus pubis/linea aspera 2. pubic symphysis/tibia 3. pubis/linea aspera
40
(thigh) | Posterior compartment muscles
1. biceps femoris 2. semitendinosus 3. semimembranosus
41
Nerve/blood: 1. biceps femoris 2. semitendinosus 3. semimembranosus
Tibial Blood supply: deep femoral *popliteal pulse*
42
Action: 1. biceps femoris 2. semitendinosus 3. semimembranosus
1. flex + lat. rotates knee, extends the thigh | 2, 3. flex + medial rotate knee; extends thigh
43
Origin/insertion: 1. biceps femoris 2. semitendinosus 3. semimembranosus
1. long: ischial tuberosity/fibula short: linea aspera/fibula 2, 3. ischial tuberosity/tibia
44
(thigh) | Lateral compartment muscles
1. TFL 2. Gluteus medius, minimus 3. Gluteus maximus
45
Nerve/Blood supply: 1. TFL 2. Gluteus medius, minimus 3. Gluteus maximus
1, 2. superior gluteal 3. INFERIOR gluteal Blood supply: inferior gluteal
46
Action: 1. TFL 2. Gluteus medius, minimus 3. Gluteus maximus
1. aBducts, flex + med rotate hip, extends knee 2. aBducts + medial rotate hip 3. ext, _ lat. rotate hip
47
Origin/insertion: 1. TFL 2. Gluteus medius, minimus 3. Gluteus maximus
1. ilium/iliotibial tract 2. ilium/greater trochanter 3. sacrum. coccyx, post. gluteal line, sacrospinalis tendon, sacrotuberous ligament/gluteal tuberosity of femur
48
(leg) | Anterior compartment muscles
1. tibialis anterior 2. extensor digitorum longus 3. extensor hallucis longus
49
Nerve/blood supply: 1. tibialis anterior 2. extensor digitorum longus 3. extensor hallucis longus
deep PERONEAL (anterior tibial) blood supply: anterior tibial
50
Action: 1. tibialis anterior 2. extensor digitorum longus 3. extensor hallucis longus
1, 2, 3. dorsiflexion, internally rotates 2. dorsiflex/everts foot 3. big toe: extension
51
Origin/insertion: 1. tibialis anterior 2. extensor digitorum longus 3. extensor hallucis longus
1. tibia/medial cuneiform 2. tibia/distal lateral 4 toes 3. fibula/distal great toe
52
(leg) | Posterior compartment muscles
1. gastrocnemius 2. soleus 3. popliteus 4. plantaris
53
Nerve/blood: 1. gastrocnemius 2. soleus 3. popliteus 4. plantaris
Tibial Blood supply: posterior tibial
54
Action: 1. gastrocnemius 2. soleus 3. popliteus 4. plantaris
1. plantar flexes foot, flexes knee 2. plantar flex foot 3. flex and rotate leg medially to unlock knee from full extension 4. plantar flex foot
55
Origin/insertion: 1. gastrocnemius 2. soleus 3. popliteus 4. plantaris
1. medial condyle + lateral condyle/calcaneus 2. fibula-tibia/calcaneus 3. lateral condyle femur/tibia 4. lateral femur/calcaneus
56
(leg) | Lateral compartment muscles
1. peroneus longus | 2. peroneus brevis
57
Nerve/blood: 1. peroneus longus 2. peroneus brevis
superficial PERONEAL (fibular) Blood supply: anterior tibial/peroneal
58
Action: 1. peroneus longus 2. peroneus brevis
plantar flex foot, evert foot
59
Origin/insertion: 1. peroneus longus 2. peroneus brevis
lat. tibia-fibula/medial cuneiform + base 1st metatarsal
60
face and tongue muscles
1. orbicularis oculi 2. zygomaticus major 3. mentalis 4. orbicularis oris 5. buccinator 6. genioglossus 7. hyoglossus 8. styloglossus
61
which face + tongue muscles are supplied by cn7
``` orbicularis occuli zygomaticus major mentalis orbicularis oris buccinator ```
62
which face + tongue muscles are supplied by cn9
genioglossus hyoglossus styloglossus
63
orbicularis oculi action
eyelid sphincter
64
zygomaticus major action
mouth angle back and up | laughing
65
mentalis action
raises lower lip | doubt/disdain
66
orbicularis oris action
contracts/protrudes lips
67
buccinator action
compresses cheeks | expels air, aides in mastication
68
genioglossus action
protrudes tongue
69
hyoglossus action
depresses tongue
70
styloglossus action
retracts+elevates tongue
71
origin/insertion of orbicularis oculi
frontal and maxillary | eyelid
72
origin/insertion of zygomaticus major
zygomatic | mouth corner
73
origin/insertion of mentalis
mandible | chin
74
origin/insertion of orbicularis oris
maxilla and mandible | mouth
75
origin/insertion of buccinator
maxilla and mandible | orbicularis orbis
76
origin/insertion of genioglossus
mandible | hyoid and tongue
77
origin/insertion of hyoglossus
hyoid | tongue
78
origin/insertion of styloglossus
temporal bone | tongue
79
muscles of mastication
1. temporalis 2. masseter 3. medial (internal) pterygoid 4. lateral (external) pterygoid
80
cn for muscles of mastication
cn5
81
action of temporalis
elevate + retract jaw
82
action of masseter
elevate jaw | prime mover of jaw closure
83
action of medial pterygoid
elevate and protract jaw
84
action of lateral pterygoid
pronates jaw and depresses
85
origin/insertion of temporalis
temporal bone | coronoid of mandbile
86
origin/insertion of masseter
zygomatic arch | mandible
87
superficial neck muscles
1. platysma | 2. SCM
88
torticollis affects which muscle
SCM
89
cn of platysma
cn7
90
cn of SCM
cn11
91
platysma action
depresses lower lip and jaw
92
SCM action
1. ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rot | 2. both flex
93
origin/insertion of SCM
manubrium of sternum and clavicle | mastoid
94
suprahyoid muscles and their cn's | *floor of oral cavity*
1. digastric (2 bellies)/cn5+cn7 2. stylohyoid/cn7 3. mylohyoid/cn5 4. geniohyoid/c1 via cn12
95
which muscles elevates hyoid
digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid
96
digastric action
elevates hyoid, depresses jaw
97
stylohyoid action
elevates and retracts hyoid
98
mylohyoid action
elevates hyoid
99
geniohyoid action
pulls hyoid anterior and up
100
origin/insertion of digastric
mandible and mastoid | hyoid
101
infrahyoid muscles * strap muscles* * swallowing and speaking*
1, sternohyoid 2, sternothyroid 3. omohyoid (2 bellies) 4. thyrohyoid
102
which infrahyoid muscles are supplied by c1-c3
sternohyoid sternothyroid omohyoid
103
infrahyoid muscle supplied by c1 via cn12
thyrohyoid
104
sternohyoid action
depresses hyoid
105
sternothyroid action
pulls thyroid cartilage down
106
omohyoid action
depresses and retracts hyoid
107
thyrohyoid action
depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid cartilage
108
vertebral muscles
1. longus colli 2. scalenus anterior 3. scalenus medius 4. scalenus posterior
109
what muscles are affected by TOS
scalenes
110
which muscles supplied by primary rami c2-c8
longus colli
111
which muscles supplied by primary rami c5-c8
scalenus anterior | scalenus posterior
112
which muscles supplied by primary rami c3-c4
scalenus medius
113
longus colli action
one lat flex | both flex and rot vertebrae
114
scalenus anterior + scalenus medius action
elevates 1st rib, flexes and rotates vertebrae
115
scalenus posterior action
elevates 2nd rib, flexes and rotates vertebrae | one laterally flexes
116
origin/insertion of scalenes
transverse process of cervicals | first two ribs
117
origin/insertion of multifidus
tp | spinosus
118
action/nerve of multifidus
extension/contralateral rotation | spinal n. dorsal rami
119
origin/insertion of rotatores
tp | lamina/sp
120
action/nerve of rotatores
extension/rotation | spinal n. dorsal rami
121
deep muscles of the back
``` multifidus rotatores intertransversarii interspinalis iliocostalis longissimus spinalis ```
122
origin/insertion of intertransversarii
tp/tp
123
intertrasnversarii action/nerve
lateral flexion | spinal n. dorsal and ventral rami
124
origin/insertion of of interspinalis
sp/sp
125
action/nerve of interspinalis
extension | spinal n. dorsal rami
126
origin/insertion of iliocostalis
ilium/ribs
127
action/nerve of iliocostalis
extends and ipsilateral flexion | spinal n. dorsal rami
128
origin/insertion of of longissimus
tp | tp/ribs
129
action/nerve of longissimus
extends and ipsilateral flexion | spinal n. dorsal rami
130
origin/insertion of spinalis
sp/sp
131
action/nerve of spinalis
extends and ipsilateral flexion | spinal n. dorsal rami
132
erector spinae muscle group
iliocostalis longissimus spinalis
133
muscles of thorax
external intercostals internal intercostals transverse thoracics subcostalis
134
origin/insertion of external and internal intercostals
lower border - ribs | upper border of rib below
135
external intercostal action
elevate ribs
136
internal intercostal action
depress ribs, interchondral part elevates ribs
137
origin/insertion of transverse thoracics
posterior sternum and xiphoid | costal cartilages 2-6
138
action of transverse thoracics
depresses ribs
139
origin/insertion of subcostalis
inner, lower ribs near angles | upper borders of ribs 2 or below
140
action of subcostalis
elevates ribs
141
nerve of muscles of thorax
intercostal
142
muscles of anterior abdominal wall
``` external oblique internal oblique transverse rectus abdominis cremaster ```
143
origin/insertion of external oblique
external lower 8 ribs (5-12)
144
intercostal (t7-t11) + subcostal (t12) nerve supplies which muscles
external oblique, internal oblique, transverse, rectus abdominis
145
action of external oblique and internal oblique
compresses abdomen, flexes trunk, forced expiration
146
origin/insertion of internal oblique
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia lower costal cartilages, linea alba, pubic crest, pect. line
147
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal (L1) supplie which muscles
internal oblique and transverse
148
origin/insertion of transverse
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lower costal cartilages linea alba, pubic crest, pect. line
149
action of transverse
compresses abdomen, depresses ribs
150
origin/insertion of rectus abdominis
pubic crest and pubic symphysis | xiphoid and 5-7 costal cartilages
151
action of rectus abdominis
depress ribs, flexes trunk
152
origin/insertion of cremaster
inguinal ligament, lower int. oblique | pubic tubercle and crest
153
nerve of cremaster
genitofemoral
154
action of cremaster
retract testis
155
muscles of posterior abdominal wall
quadratus lumborum psoas major psoas minor
156
origin/insertion of quadratus lumborum
tp's L3-L5, iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament | lower border last rib, TP's L1-L3
157
action of quadratus lumborum
depresses rib 12, lat flex trunk
158
quadratus lumborum nerve
subcostal, L1-L3
159
origin/insertion of psoas major
tp's, bodies of disks of t12-L5 | lesser trochanter
160
nerve of psoas major
L2-L3
161
action of psoas major
flexes thigh and trunk
162
femoral nerve pierces which muscles
psoas major
163
origin/insertion of psoas minor
bodies and disks of t12-L1 | pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence
164
nerve of psoas minor
L1
165
action of psoas minor
aids in flexing trunk
166
muscles of lateral pelvis wall
piriformis | obturator internus
167
origin/insertion of piriformis
anterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament | greater trochanter
168
nerve/action of piriformis
S1-S2 (sciatic nerve) | external rot, hip, abduct of thigh
169
origin/insertion of obturator internus
inner obturator membrane | greater trochanter
170
nerve/action of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus | external rotation thigh
171
muscles of pelvic floor
Levator ani muscles | coccygeus
172
levator ani muscles
pubococcygeus puborectalis iliococcygeus
173
origin/insertion of pubococcygeus
pubis | coccyx
174
action of pubococcygeus
supports pelvic viscera
175
origin/insertion of puborectalis
pubis | u shaped rectal sling
176
action of puborectalis
resists increased abdominal pressure
177
origin/insertion of iliococcygeus
pelvic fascia tendinous arch and ischial spine | coccyx and anococcygeal ligament
178
action of iliococcygeus
completes pelvic floor
179
nerves of levator ani muscles
s3-s4 and pudendal nerve
180
origin/insertion of coccygeus
ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament | lower sacrum and coccyx
181
nerve/action of coccygeus
s4-s5 | supports and pulls coccyx anteriorly
182
muscles of urogenital diaphragm (deep perineum)
sphincter urethrae | deep transverse perinei
183
origin/insertion of sphincter urethrae
medial inferior pubic ramus | median raphe and central perineal tendon
184
action of sphincter urethrae
constricts urethra in males | blends with vaginal wall in females
185
origin/insertion of deep transversus perinei
medial ischial ramus | central perineal tendon
186
action of deep transversus perinei
supportive role
187
pudendal nerves supply which muscles
levator ani muscles sphincter urethrae deep transversus perinei
188
superficial perineum muscles
ischiocavernosus bulbospongiosus superficial transversus
189
origin/insertion of ischiocavernosus
ischial tuberosity and ramus | crus (penis/clit)
190
action of ischiocavernosus
aids in erection in males | constricts vaginal orifice in females
191
origin/insertion of bulbospongiosus
central perineal tendon | corpus spongiosum
192
action of bulbospongiosus
aids in erection in males
193
origin/insertion of superficial transversus perinei
ischial tuberosity | central perineal tendon
194
action of superficial transversus perinei
support
195
which muscles does the perineal nerve supply
ischiocavernosus bulbospongiosus superficial transversus